Measuring & optics

• Measuring linear dimensions, distances, angles, areas, surface irregularities
• Interferometers
• Navigational instruments
• Determining position and course of land, sea, air or space vehicles
• Compasses, Gyroscopes
• Surveying

knowledge required: general physicist or physicist with specialization in optics, chemistry or electronics; electrical engineer.

• Geophysics: prospecting with seismic, acoustic and electromagnetic methods
• Navigation, gyroscopes, surveying
• Measuring mechanical force and power
• Testing of physical properties
• Material analysis by the use of optical means
• Material analysis by determining chemical or physical properties