III. Rules common to all proceedings before the EPO
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K. Formal aspects of decisions of EPO departments

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K. Formal aspects of decisions of EPO departments

You are viewing the 9th edition (2019) of this publication; for the 10th edition (2022) see here

1.Composition of the competent departments of first instance

1.1.General comments on changes in composition of the competent departments of first instance
1.2.Examining division
1.3.Opposition division
1.3.1Enlargement of the opposition division by addition of a legal member
1.3.2Change in composition of opposition division during opposition proceedings
1.3.3Composition of opposition division includes those who have taken part in proceedings for grant contrary to Art. 19(2) EPC
1.3.4Remittal after breach of Article 19(2) EPC

2.Date of decision

2.1.Entry into force of decisions
2.2.Completion of the internal decision-making process
2.3.Date European patent takes effect and jurisdiction after pendency

3.Form of decisions

3.1.When is there a decision?
3.1.1Cases involving two decisions
3.1.2Inconsistency between oral and written decisions
3.2.Pointing out the right to appeal in accordance with Rule 111(2) EPC
3.3.Signatures on a decision under Rule 113 EPC
3.3.1Decisions to be signed
3.3.2Examples of invalid signatures
a)When decision is announced in oral proceedings
b)Director's signature in place of examiner's signature
3.3.3Examples of valid signatures
a)Computer-generated communications
b)Death of examiner between oral proceedings and written decision
c)Decision in written proceedings
d)Illegible signature
e)Draft decisions
3.4.Reasons for the decision
3.4.1Purpose of the duty to provide reasons
3.4.2Right to be heard – right to have submissions taken into consideration
3.4.3The requirement of sufficient reasoning
3.4.4Deficient reasons
a)Deficient reasons sufficient for the purposes of Rule 111(2) EPC?
b)Deficient reasoning insufficient for the purposes of Rule 111(2) EPC
c)No reasons for decision
3.4.5Special cases
a)References to communications
b)Reference to a board decision or case law
c)Assessment of inventive step without assessing the prior art
d)Identical decision after remittal for further prosecution
e)Dealing with issues that go beyond the decision itself
3.5.Decisions according to the state of the file
3.5.1Request for decision "according to the state of the file"
3.5.2No absolute right to a decision issued by way of EPO Form 2061
3.5.3No waiver of right to a reasoned decision
3.5.4Reasons for a decision by way of EPO Form 2061
a)Requirements
b)Reference to more than one communication
3.5.5Documents included in the "state of the file"

4.Loss of rights within the meaning of Rule 112(1) EPC

4.1.Purpose of notification of loss of rights under Rule 112(1) EPC
4.2.Form of notification of loss of rights under Rule 112(1) EPC
4.3.Request for a decision under Rule 112(2) EPC subsequent to a communication
4.4.Responsibility for issuing decisions under Rule 112(2) EPC
4.5.Right to a decision under Rule 112(2) EPC
5.Notification of decision under Rule 111(1) EPC
New decisions
T 1713/20

The requirement in Rule 111(2) EPC of a decision being reasoned is not met if the decision merely contains statements that at best give rise to speculation about what the deciding body might have intended to express (Reasons, 1.3.3).

T 3071/19

A decision open to appeal is not reasoned within the meaning of Rule 111(2) EPC if it does not enable the board of appeal to review its correctness. A decision should therefore not rely on evidence accessible only at a web page which is not guaranteed to remain accessible and unchanged. Rather, it should be ensured that a person inspecting the file can reliably access the cited evidence.

T 2348/19

If a member of the department of first instance, who participated in the oral proceedings before that department, is unable to act at the time the reasoned decision is to be issued, for example due to death or a longer lasting illness, one of the other members may sign on behalf of the incapacitated member. However, in such a situation, a written explanation as to why one member is signing on behalf of another must be provided. In the absence of such an explanation, the contravention of Rule 113(1) EPC constitutes a substantial procedural violation (see points 1.3 and 1.4 of the Reasons).

T 989/19

Falls das Entscheidungsformblatt nicht die Unterschrift von allen Mitgliedern einer Prüfungsabteilung enthält, ist die Entscheidung der Prüfungsabteilung ungültig. Dies stellt einen wesentlichen Verfahrensmangel dar.

T 899/17

The reasons for the failure of auxiliary requests which were skipped in the discussion during the oral proceedings before the opposition division in favour of more promising lower-ranking auxiliary requests and which were explicitly not withdrawn by the patent-proprietor have to be set out in the written decision.

T 2344/16

Einer Änderung der Besetzung einer Prüfungsabteilung vor der mündlichen Verhandlung steht grundsätzlich nichts entgegen. Eine Verletzung des Rechts auf ein faires Verfahren und insbesondere auf rechtliches Gehör liegt darin an sich nicht. Die Einführung von neuem Stand der Technik, insbesondere zum Nachweis allgemeinen Fachwissens in Anwendung des Art. 114 EPÜ, zu einem späten Stadium der Prüfung und insbesondere während der mündlichen Verhandlung vor der Prüfungsabteilung verstößt nicht an sich gegen die ,,Waffengleichheit" im Verfahren.

T 1787/16

Die Entscheidungsbegründung gemäß R. 111(2) EPÜ muss zwar nicht alle Argumente der Parteien im Detail behandeln, doch muss zumindest auf die entscheidenden Streitpunkte eingegangen werden. Sie hat auf die maßgeblichen Tatsachen, Beweismittel und Argumente einzugehen und die logische Kette zu enthalten, die zur Bildung des abschließenden Urteils geführt hat. Für die Verfahren vor dem EPA gilt der Grundsatz der Einheitlichkeit der Verfahrenssprache. Für die schriftliche Ausfertigung der Entscheidung ist dabei ausschließlich die Verfahrenssprache zu verwenden. Nur die Entscheidung in einer einheitlichen Verfahrenssprache wird auch den Anforderungen der R. 111(2) EPÜ an die Entscheidungsbegründung gerecht. Gemäß Art. 125 EPÜ sind, soweit das EPÜ keine Vorschriften über das Verfahren enthält, die in den Vertragsstaaten der Europäischen Patentorganisation im Allgemeinen anerkannten Grundsätze des Verfahrensrechts heranzuziehen. Dies gilt insbesondere für den zugleich in Art. 6(1) EMRK exemplarisch zum Ausdruck kommenden allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsatz des fairen Verfahrens, der als allgemeine Richtschnur für die Verfahrensgestaltung dient. Dazu zählt auch das Gebot, die Entscheidung so abzufassen, dass sie von einer der Verfahrenssprache mächtigen Partei verstanden werden kann.

OJ Supplementary Publications
Case law 2021
Case law 2020

ABl. EPA 2021, Zusatzpublikation 2
OJ EPO 2021, Supplementary publication 2
JO OEB 2021, Publication supplémentaire 2

Case law 2019

ABl. EPA 2020, Zusatzpublikation 4
OJ EPO 2020, Supplementary publication 4
JO OEB 2020, Publication supplémentaire 4

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