Latest changes

for "döner kebab", "shawarma", "gyros" or the like

Grading or classifying shellfish or bivalves

Cleaning operations on shellfish, e.g. evisceration, brushing

Deveining shellfish

Conveying, feeding or aligning shellfish

Opening, shelling or peeling shellfish

Mechanically opening and shelling crabs, lobsters or other hard-shelled crustaceans

Mechanically peeling and shelling shrimps, prawns or other soft-shelled crustaceans

Hand tools for shelling shellfish

Beheading shellfish

Cleaning operations on bivalves, e.g. evisceration, brushing, separation of meat and shell material

Opening or shucking bivalves

self-returning to the original position

foldable side to side and front to back, e.g. umbrella type

the lying-down surface consisting of a separate hidden mattress folded inside the frame

as lying-down surface

Mezzanine beds

Anti-mite, anti-allergen or anti-bacterial means

Use of remote controls

for mattresses

for beds or mattresses

dismountable

provided with means for preventing overuse

characterised by self-sufficient functionality for stand-alone use

using motor drive units

Endoscope within endoscope

for fluorescence imaging

provided with means for cleaning in-use

for confocal scanning

Supplementary seats, e.g. for doctors to take care of a patient

Foldable seats

Loading or unloading stretchers

by pivoting the support about a vertical axis

by pivoting the support about a horizontal axis

by translating the support

by moving the stretcher on a horizontal path, e.g. sliding or rolling

by moving the stretcher on an inclined path, e.g. sliding or rolling

by support protruding from the vehicle

by using a side-entrance

by powered support

Accommodating or securing wheelchairs

Accommodating or securing stretchers

using support rack, frame

using other support

on lateral support arms

on support, which can be brought into a different position, when not in use, e.g. foldable, collapsible, retractable support

on support for multiple stretchers

on height adjustable support

Securing stretchers, e.g. fastening means

by preventing lateral movement, e.g. tracks

by preventing longitudinal movement

with two or more jets impinging against each other

with nozzles using mechanical vibrations

the fluidising gas being a reactant

Details of the fluidised bed reactor

Chromiasilicates; Aluminochromosilicates

comprising organic radicals, e.g. TEMPO

Alcohols or phenols

Ethers

comprising carbonyl groups or oxygen-containing derivatives, e.g. acetals, ketals, cyclic peroxides

Aldehydes or acetals

Ketones or ketals

Esters of carboxylic or carbonic acids

with a metal-oxygen link

Alkoxylates

Aryloxylates, e.g. phenolates

Mercaptans or thiols

Sulfides

Disulfides

Polysulfides

comprising sulfonyl groups

within perfluorinated compounds or moieties

comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts

Perfluorosulfonic acids or their salts

with a metal-sulfur link, e.g. mercaptides

also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/02B to B01J31/02B12D

also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/02B to B01J31/02C12

Amines

with a primary amino group

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Imines or enamines

Enamines

with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine

being derivatives of carboxylic or carbonic acids

Amides

Nitriles

Ureas

Guanidides

with a metal-nitrogen link, e.g. metal amides, metal guanidides

on mineral substrates

Phosphorus acids or phosphorus acid esters

Phosphoric acid mono-, di- or triesters

, i.e. R= C, R?= C, H

comprising phosphorous acid (-ester) groups

, i.e. R= C, R?= C, H

comprising phosphonous acid (-ester) groups

, i.e. R= C, R?= C, H

comprising phosphinous acid (-ester) groups

or the isomeric phosphine oxide groups (R3P=O) , i.e. R= C, R?= C, H

Phosphorus acid amides

Phosphazenes, oligomers thereof or the corresponding phosphazenium salts

Phosphines or phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphorus bonded to at least one carbon atom, including sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, the other atoms bonded to phosphorus being either carbon or hydrogen

Phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphine with an additional hydrogen or carbon atom bonded to phosphorous so as to result in a formal positive charge on phosphorous

on mineral substrates

also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/02B to B01J31/02D

containing silicon

also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/02B to B01J31/02E4S

the cationic portion being acyclic or nitrogen being a substituent on a ring

the nitrogen being a ring member

of an aliphatic ring, e.g. morpholinium

of an aromatic ring, e.g. pyridinium

also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/02B to B01J31/02F2 and to be further classified there

containing atoms other than nitrogen as cationic centre

Phosphorus

Sulfur

also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/02B to B01J31/02F2

the substrate being a soluble polymer, dendrimer or oligomer of characteristic microstructure of groups B01J31/06B to B01J31/06F

the ionic liquids being characterised by the counter-anions

Polyalkylene glycols

Hybrid organic-inorganic polymers, e.g. silica derivatized with organic groups

Heterocyclic carbenes

with only nitrogen as heteroatomic ring members, e.g. 1,3-diarylimidazoline-2-ylidenes

Complexes comprising two carbene ligands differing from each other, e.g. Grubbs second generation catalysts

Spiro-condensed ring systems

involving electromagnetic wave energy, e.g. UV or visible light

involving a stripping step, with stripping gas or solvent

modified so as to contain a polyether group

containing silicon

Dissolved air flotation machines

atomising using a fluid

Indicating the cutting plane on the workpiece, e.g. by projecting a laser beam

Oscillating saw blades

Metallic material

Non-ferrous metals or alloys

Refractory metals

Light metals

Non-metallic material

Organic material

Material from living organisms, e.g. skin

Fabrics

Paper

Plastics

Inorganic material

Semiconductor material, e.g. Si or Ge based

Ceramics

Composite material, e.g. fibre reinforced, sandwich steel plate

Surface-treated material, e.g. plated, painted

Working by transmitting the laser beam within the workpiece

by modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks

by creating voids inside the workpiece, e.g. for forming flow passages or flow patterns

the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a face remote from the face where the laser beam entered the workpiece, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming

by melting

by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line

using a non-absorbing, e.g. transparent, reflective or refractive, layer on the workpiece

combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K

; Heating a metal workpiece by laser during machining B23P25/00B1

disposed on the workpiece

using multifaceted mirrors, e.g. polygonal mirror

in an enclosure

Laser beam path enclosures

the flow carrying an electric arc, e.g. laser arc hybrid welding

Laser sealing

Metallic material

Non-ferrous metals or alloys

Refractory metals

Light metals

Dissimilar metal materials

Non-metallic material

Organic material

Fabrics

Paper

Inorganic material

Composite material, e.g. fibre reinforced, sandwich steel plate

Surface-treated material, e.g. plated, painted

Coated material

Laser etching, i.e. the material is removed superficially or partially through the workpiece by the laser beam

for making a groove or trench, e.g. scribing a break initiation groove

Metallic material

Non-ferrous metals or alloys

Refractory metals

Light metals

Organic material

Material from living organisms, e.g. skin

Leather

Wood or similar

Fibrous material

Fabrics

Paper

Plastics

Inorganic material

Brittle material, e.g. semi-conductor wafers

Ceramics

Composite material, e.g. fibre reinforced, sandwich steel plate

Multi-layered material wherein at least one layer is non-metallic

Surface-treated material, e.g. plated, painted

for monitoring laser beam transmission optics

Artificial ageing of stones; Providing stones with an antique appearance

by means of a tumbler

direct heating both surfaces to be joined

radiating the edges of the parts to be joined, e.g. for curing a layer of adhesive placed between two flat parts to be joined, e.g. for making CDs or DVDs

radiating the edges of holes or perforations

radiating the edges of the parts to be joined

radiating the edges of holes or perforations

involving the use of cartridge heaters

characterised by the tape handling mechanisms, e.g. using vacuum

characterised by the relationships between the joining step and the severing step

characterised by the temperature relationship between the joining step and the severing step

the joining step and the severing step being performed at different temperatures

characterised by the pressure relationship between the joining step and the severing step

the joining step and the severing step being performed at different pressures

characterised by the time relationship between the joining step and the severing step, said joining step and said severing step being performed by the same tool but at different times

the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another

by setting the overlap between the parts to be joined, e.g. the overlap between sheets, plates or web-like materials

General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts

Joining in special atmospheres

characterised by the type of environment

Gaseous environments

Protective gases

Active gases

Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum

Liquid environments, i.e. the parts to be joined being submerged in a liquid

being sterile

Removing toxic gases

Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating

Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the joined material

of the joining tool and the material to be joined

using a separating sheet, e.g. fixed on the joining tool

movable, e.g. mounted on reels

by the use of a lubricant, e.g. fluid, powder

being liquid, e.g. oil based

being solid, e.g. a powder

Detaching the article from the joining tool

Preventing damaging, e.g. of the parts to be joined

of the joining tool, e.g. avoiding wear of the joining tool

General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined

Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding

Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping

without removal of material, e.g. cleaning by air blowing or using brushes

with removal of material

Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing

Perforating or boring

Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping

Thermal pre-treatments

Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying

Cooling

Cutting or perforating, e.g. burning away by using a laser or using hot air

Chemical pre-treatments

Non-mechanical surface pre-treatments, i.e. by flame treatment, electric discharge treatment, plasma treatment, wave energy or particle radiation

After-treatments in the joint area

Mechanical after-treatments

Post-pressing without reshaping, i.e. keeping the joint under pressure after joining

Reforming or reshaping the joint, e.g. folding over

Flattening

of sheets being positioned in abutment, e.g. after folding open of an overlap joint

Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or perforating

Thermal after-treatments

Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone

Annealing

Cutting or perforating, e.g. burning away by using a laser or using hot air

Covering the joint by a coating material

the coating material being in liquid or paste form

the coating material being in tape, strip or band form

Particular design of joint configurations

particular design of the joint cross-sections

Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section

Single lapped joints

Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints

Single butt joints

Single butt to butt joints

Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area

Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints

Single monotone curved joints

the joint being C-shaped

Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections

Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section

comprising at least a lapped joint-segment

the two joint-segments being lapped

comprising at least a butt joint-segment

the two joint-segments being butt

comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment

the two joint-segments being bevelled, e.g. the two joint-segments forming a V

comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment

the two joint-segments being monotone curved

Tongue and groove joints

comprising interlocking undercuts

Teardrop-like, waterdrop-like or mushroom-like interlocking undercuts

Dovetailed interlocking undercuts

Other specific interlocking undercuts not provided for in B29C66/12421 to B29C66/12423

characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue

being a single wall

having the tongue substantially in the middle

having the tongue on the side

being asymmetric

characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove

being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped

being tapered

being V-shaped

being asymmetric

Interpenetrating groove joints

Tenon and mortise joints

Stepped joint cross-sections

comprising at least one overlap joint-segment

comprising at least two overlap joint-segments

comprising at least three overlap joint-segments

comprising at least one butt joint-segment

comprising at least two butt joint-segments

comprising at least three butt joint-segments

comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment

comprising at least two bevelled joint-segments

comprising at least three bevelled joint-segments

comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment

comprising at least two monotone curved joint-segments

comprising at least three monotone curved joint-segments

Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 to B29C66/12

Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area

Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid

Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area

Single hem to hem joints

Beaded-edge joints or bead seals

Interpenetrating fingered joints

the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined

particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines

said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding

said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns

being in the form of a sinusoidal wave

being in the form of a triangle wave or of a sawtooth wave, e.g. zigzagged

being castellated, e.g. in the form of a square wave or of a rectangular wave

being in the form of repetitive interlocking undercuts, e.g. in the form of puzzle cuts

Teardrop-like, waterdrop-like or mushroom-like interlocking undercuts

Dovetailed interlocking undercuts

Other specific local geometries of interlocking undercuts not provided for in B29C66/2272 to B29C66/2274

Other specific patterns not provided for in B29C66/221 to B29C66/227

said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations

said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines

said joint lines being in the form of tessellations

said joint lines being closed or non-straight

said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours

being circular, oval or elliptical

being circular

being oval

being elliptical

being a closed polygonal chain

forming a triangle

forming a quadrilateral

forming a rectangle

forming a square

forming a specific polygon not provided for in B29C66/24241 to B29C66/24243

said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours

in the form of a single arc of circle

said joint lines forming figures, e.g. animals, flowers, hearts

Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat

the area to be joined comprising melt initiators

said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined

said melt initiators being point-like

said melt initiators being rib-like

said melt initiators being non-integral with the parts to be joined

the joint involving an anchoring effect

making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined

making use of protusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined

in the form of rugosity

making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined

in the form of porosity

making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes

non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements

Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article

Decorative or coloured joints

Applying a mark during joining

in the form of letters or numbers

in the form of letters

in the form of numbers

Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr

Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr

Avoiding burr formation

on the inside of a tubular or hollow article

Shaping the burr, e.g. by the joining tool

as after-treatment, e.g. by a separate tool

Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect

for reinforcing the joint

for weakening the joint

Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer

Preventing air-inclusions

Making tension-free or wrinkle-free joints

by holding the material loose or tension-free during joining

Stretching or tensioning the joint area during joining

Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle

Making complete joints by combining partial joints

Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration

by differentially heating the zones of different thickness

by preheating

using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients

in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint

perpendicular to the plane of the joint

Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling

Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot

by means placed on the side opposed to the welding tool

while keeping the welding zone under pressure

General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces

Joining substantially flat articles

Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles

Joining the articles to themselves

for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams

Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags

Closing the top of gable top containers

Closing the ends of squeeze tubes, e.g. for toothpaste or cosmetics

said flat seams being transversal but non-orthogonal with respect to the tubular or hollow articles, i.e. oblique

for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets

by joining a single sheet to itself

for making closed loops, e.g. belts

the joint lines being transversal but non-orthogonal with respect to the axis of said tubular articles, i.e. being oblique

Casing-in, i.e. enclosing an element between two sheets by an outlined seam

by folding a sheet over

Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections

Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces

with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces

Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces

with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces

Joining substantially flat articles for forming cross connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces

with four right angles, e.g. for making +-shaped pieces

Making large sheets by joining smaller ones or strips together

Joining sheets for making articles comprising cushioning or padding materials, the weld being performed through the cushioning material, e.g. car seats

Joining plastics plates for making venetian blinds

Joining sheets for making hollow-walled, channelled structures or multi-tubular articles

Joining sheets for making inflated articles without using a mould

Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles

the article having a disc form, e.g. making CDs or DVDs

Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces

said single elements being substantially flat

Fixing strips to surfaces other than edge faces

said single elements being appliques, e.g. in the form of a text or drawing

said single elements being substantially non-flat

said single elements being spouts

said spouts comprising flanges

Internally supporting the

using a fluid

using an inflatable core

using a support which remains in the joined object

General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular or hollow articles

Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular or hollow articles; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow articles

Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements

Joining tubular articles

for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other

for making endless tubular articles, e.g. endless inner tubes

for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces

with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces

for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces

with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces

for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces

with four right angles, e.g. for making +-shaped pieces

for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall

or for forming multilayer tubular articles

one tubular article being placed inside the other

concentrically, e.g. for forming multilayer tubular articles

involving the use of a socket

said socket comprising a stop

said stop being internal

said stop being external

said stop being heated

said socket comprising reinforcements

said socket comprising sealing elements, e.g. gaskets

said socket comprising slip-off prevention means

said socket being composed by several elements

Joining profiled elements

for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the profiled elements to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other

for forming corner connections, e.g. for making window frames or V-shaped pieces

with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces

for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making window frames or Y-shaped pieces

with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces

for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making window frames or X-shaped pieces

with four right angles, e.g. for making +-shaped pieces

Joining bars

for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the bars to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other

for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces

with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces

for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces

with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces

for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces

with four right angles, e.g. for making +-shaped pieces

characterised by their solid cross sections being non-circular, e.g. being elliptical, square or rectangular

Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars

Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars

said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length

said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles

said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to tubes

said spouts comprising flanges

said articles being hollow

said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers

said spouts comprising flanges

said single elements being substantially flat

Enclosing tubular articles between substantially flat elements

Enclosing spouts between the walls of bags, e.g. of medical bags

said spouts comprising wings, e.g. said spouts being of ship-like or canoe-like form to avoid leaks in the corners

Joining single elements to tubular ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars

a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined single elements and the end of said tubular or hollow articles

said substantially flat extra element being flexible, e.g. a membrane

said substantially flat extra element being rigid, e.g. a plate

said substantially flat extra element being perforated, e.g. a screen

said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends

said single elements being substantially flat

joining covers and/or bottoms to container bodies

joining covers and bottoms to container bodies

said single flat elements being provided with holes facing the tube ends, e.g. for making heat-exchangers

Joining substantially flat single elements to hollow articles to form tubular articles

Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles

a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms

said substantially flat extra element being flexible, e.g. a membrane

said substantially flat extra element being rigid, e.g. a plate

said substantially flat extra element being perforated, e.g. a screen

joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles

one hollow-preform being placed inside the other

Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles, e.g. endless tubes

for making elbows or V-shaped pieces

for making L-shaped pieces

for making fork-shaped pieces, i.e. with 3 branches, e.g. Y-shaped pieces

for making T-shaped pieces

for making cross-shaped pieces, e.g. with 4 branches, e.g. X-shaped pieces

for making +-shaped pieces

said hollow-preforms being interconnected during their moulding process, e.g. by a hinge

sealing elements being incorporated into the joints, e.g. gaskets

Joining from or joining on the inside

Making circumferential joints

Internally supporting the article during joining

using a fluid

using an inflatable core

using a support which remains in the joined object

with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool

moving the welding tool around the fixed article

General aspects of joining filaments 

characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material; Joining with non-plastics material

characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part

characterised by the structure of the material

Fibre-reinforced materials

characterised by the composition of the fibres

characterised by the length of the fibres

Fibres of continuous length

Fibres of discontinuous lengths

being multi-layered

comprising a non-plastics layer

consisting of metals or their alloys

consisting of elements other than metals, e.g. boron

Carbon

consisting of inorganic materials not provided for in B29C66/72321 to B29C66/72322

Ceramics

Glass

consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 to B29C66/72324

Paper

Wood

comprising a barrier layer

for gases

for liquids

being hollow-walled or honeycombs

hollow-walled

comprising corrugated cores

multi-channelled or multi-tubular

comprising honeycomb cores

honeycomb structures

being porous, e.g. foam

Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics

coated

Non woven mats, e.g. felt

coated

characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset

characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined

Thermal properties

Thermal expansion coefficient

of different thermal expansion coefficient, i.e. the thermal expansion coefficient of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thermal expansion coefficient of the other part

Thermal conductivity

of different thermal conductivity, i.e. the thermal conductivity of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thermal conductivity of the other part

Melting point

of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part

Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature

of different glass transition temperature, i.e. the glass transition temperature of one of the parts to be joined being different from the glass transition temperature of the other part

Rheological properties

Viscosity

of different viscosity, i.e. the viscosity of one of the parts to be joined being different from the viscosity of the other part

Density

of different density, i.e. the density of one of the parts to be joined being different from the density of the other part

Mechanical properties

Hardness

of different hardness, i.e. the hardness of one of the parts to be joined being different from the hardness of the other part

Surface properties

Roughness or rugosity

of different roughness or rugosity, i.e. the roughness or rugosity of the surface of one of the parts to be joined being different from the roughness or rugosity of the surface of the other part

Hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity

Hydrophilicity

of different hydrophilicity, i.e. the hydrophilicity of one of the parts to be joined being different from the hydrophilicity of the other part

Hydrophobicity

of different hydrophobicity, i.e. the hydrophobicity of one of the parts to be joined being different from the hydrophobicity of the other part

Permeability to gases or liquids

permeable

to gases

to liquids

non-permeable

to gases

to liquids

characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence

at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured

both parts to be joined being coloured

both parts to be joined having a different colour

at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive

at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or reflective

at least one of the parts to be joined being matt or refractive

at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light

at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque to visible light

both parts to be joined being opaque to visible light

at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light

both parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light

at least one of the parts to be joined being polarising

characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined

Thickness, e.g. very thin

of different thickness, i.e. the thickness of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thickness of the other part

characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined

oriented or heat-shrinkable

oriented

mono-axially

bi-axially or multi-axially

heat-shrinkable

Joining soiled or oxidised materials

uncured, partially cured or fully cured

the to-be-joined area of at least one of the articles to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized

the to-be-joined areas of both articles to be joined being uncured

the to-be-joined area of at least one of the articles to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized

the to-be-joined areas of both articles to be joined being partially cured

the to-be-joined area of at least one of the articles to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized

the to-be-joined areas of both articles to be joined being fully cured

amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline

the to-be-joined area of at least one of the articles to be joined being amorphous

the to-be-joined areas of both articles to be joined being amorphous

the to-be-joined area of at least one of the articles to be joined being semi-crystalline

the to-be-joined areas of both articles to be joined being semi-crystalline

the to-be-joined area of at least one of the articles to be joined being crystalline

the to-be-joined areas of both articles to be joined being crystalline

degradable

biodegradable

soluble, e.g. water-soluble

characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset

characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic

characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics

characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset

characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets

Joining plastics material to non-plastics material

to metals or their alloys

Aluminium or alloys of aluminium

Lead or alloys of lead

Tin or alloys of tin

Transition metals or their alloys

Copper or alloys of copper

Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel

Noble metals, e.g. silver, gold, platinum or their alloys

to elements other than metals

Boron

Carbon

to inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29C66/742 to B29C66/744

Ceramics

Carbides; Nitrides

Concrete

Glass

Mica

Asbestos

to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 to B29C66/746

Cork

Linoleum

Bone, horn, ivory

Leather

Natural fibres, e.g. wool, cotton

Paper, e.g. cardboard

Wood

General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof

General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps

characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps

characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps

characterised by the structure of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps

being porous or sintered

characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps

Thermal properties, e.g. thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient

Electrical and dielectric properties, e.g. electrical conductivity

Dielectric properties

Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness

Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness or rugosity

Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity

Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light

Reflective to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light

characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps

characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined

characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat

being non-symmetrical

being bevelled

being V-shaped

and flat

being convex or concave

being convex

being concave

being stepped, e.g. comprising a shoulder

comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth

comprising a single tooth

comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove

being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins

, or being patterned

comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping

characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps

being adaptable to the surface of the joint

being made of flexible slats, flexible fins, flexible bristles or springs, e.g. coiled springs

being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure

comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber

being a filled deformable bladder, e.g. bladder filled with oil, with granules or with a meltable solid material

being multi-lamellar or segmented, i.e. comprising a plurality of strips, plates or stacked elements

comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint

one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction

arranged in an offset pattern

one placed next to the other in a single line transverse to the feed direction, e.g. shoulder to shoulder sonotrodes

being a wrap-around tape or band

characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps

said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material

by resilient material

Self-aligning to the joining plane, e.g. mounted on a ball and socket

Carrier plates for mounting joining tool parts, e.g. for re-arranging the tool parts to make other forms

Quick change joining tools or surfaces

the mounting of said pressing elements being laterally movable, e.g. adjustable

characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps

; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps

characterised by the cooling constructional aspects

of the welding jaws

the welding jaws being cooled from the outside, e.g. by blowing a gas or spraying a liquid

of the clamps

characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects

of the welding jaws

of the clamps

characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects

of the welding jaws

of the clamps

comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps

characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects

of the welding jaws

of the clamps

characterised by the electrical conducting constructional aspects

of the welding jaws

of the clamps

Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps

Transmission mechanisms

Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point

Pinion or rack mechanisms

Worm or spindle mechanisms

Chain or sprocket drives

Crank mechanisms

Cam mechanisms

Wedges

Follower pin or roller cooperating with a groove

using springs

Actuating mechanisms

Pneumatic or hydraulic drives

using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part

using vacuum

magnetically driven

Servomechanisms, e.g. servomotors

Pressure application by weights

without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined

using "pressure means" which are associated with at least one of the parts to be joined and remain in or on it

using the thermal expansion of the parts to be joined

using fluid pressure directly acting on the parts to be joined

by means of vacuum

Other pressure application arrangements

using the own weight of the joining tool

using the thermal expansion of the joining tool

Hand placed clamps

characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools

Reciprocating joining or pressing tools

Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis

cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis

Joining or pressing tools pivoting around one axis

cooperating pivoting tools

moving with the parts to be joined

Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types

Roller, cylinder or drum types

cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums

the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said parts to be joined being a non-zero angle

said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow

band or belt types

cooperating bands or belts

rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating with bands or belts

the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said bands or belts being a non-zero angle

said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow

Ball types

Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws

jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums

cooperating jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums and moving in a closed path

said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow

jaws mounted on bands or belts

Cooperating jaws mounted on cooperating bands or belts and moving in a closed path

jaws mounted on chains

Cooperating jaws mounted on cooperating chains and moving in a closed path

flying jaws, e.g. jaws mounted on crank mechanisms or following a hand over hand movement

cooperating flying jaws

Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table

Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined

Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications

Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions

of different length, width or height

of different width

of different height

of different diameter

of different thickness

Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series

Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series

C-clamp type or sewing machine type

Drilling standard machine type

Packaging machines

welding through a filled container, e.g. tube or bag

Bag or container making machines

Bag making machines

Machines for changing web rolls or filaments, e.g. for joining a replacement web to an expiring web

Belt splicing machines

Medical tube welding machines

Hand-held tools

Ironing tool type

Tongs, pincers or scissors

Pen or pencil like

being battery operated

Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm

Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels

being pushed by hand or being self-propelling

being self-propelling

the traction being made on the seam

being guided

by rails

by the edge of one of the parts to be joined or by a groove between the parts to be joined, e.g. using a roller

Auxiliary operations or devices

Starting or stopping procedures

Safety measures or devices

for operators

Preventing overheating of the parts to be joined, e.g. if the machine stops or slows down

by lowering or shutting down the power supply

by withdrawing the heating tools

by introducing protection shields

Detecting the absence of the articles to be joined

involving the use of warnings

Maintenance or cleaning

Cleaning of the joining tools

Measuring or controlling the joining process

by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux

by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux

by measuring the temperature

with special temperature measurement means or methods

involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws

and measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to said welding jaws, said element being e.g. a thermistor

by measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to one of the parts to be welded, said element acting e.g. as a thermistor

enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer

using colour change, e.g. using separate colour indicators

of the parts to be joined

of the joining tool

by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux

by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating

by measuring the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension

by measuring the current intensity

by measuring the electrical resistance

by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux

by controlling or regulating the temperature

of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account

the parts to be joined having different temperatures

of the joining tools

using joining tools having different temperature zones or using several joining tools with different temperatures

the temperature being kept constant over time

the temperature being non-constant over time

following a temperature-time profile

by steps

by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux

the heat or the thermal flux being kept constant over time

the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time

following a heat-time profile

by steps

by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating

by controlling or regulating the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension

by controlling or regulating the current intensity

characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges

in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams

in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature

in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined

higher than said fusion temperature

lower than said fusion temperature

in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined

higher than said glass transition temperature

lower than said glass transition temperature

in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams

by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools

by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools

by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power

with special measurement means or methods

by measuring the displacement of the joining tools

with special measurement means or methods

by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools

by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power

the pressure or the mechanical power being kept constant over time

the pressure or the mechanical power being non-constant over time

following a pressure-time profile

by steps

using joining tools having different pressure zones or using several joining tools with different pressures

by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools

by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools

the gap being kept constant over time

the gap being non-constant over time

by using stops

said stops being adjustable

by using several stops

characterised by specific pressure, force or mechanical power values or ranges

in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams

in specific relation to time, e.g. pressure-time diagrams

by measuring or controlling the speed

by measuring the speed

with special speed measurement means or methods

by controlling or regulating the speed

the speed being kept constant over time

the speed being non-constant over time

by controlling or regulating the rotational speed, i.e. the speed of revolution

characterised by specific speed values or ranges

in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. speed diagrams

by measuring or controlling the time

by measuring the time

with special time measurement means or methods

by controlling or regulating the time

the time being controlled or regulated as a function of another parameter

characterised by specific time values or ranges

in explicit relation to another variable

by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 to B29C66/94

by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools

by measuring their vibration frequency

by controlling their vibration frequency

characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges

by measuring their vibration amplitude

by controlling their vibration amplitude

characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges

by measuring or controlling the wavelength

by measuring or controlling the humidity

of the parts to be joined, i.e. taking the humidity of the parts to be joined into account

of the atmosphere, i.e. taking the ambient humidity into account

by measuring or controlling the thickness of the parts to be joined

characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables

in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams

characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process

involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

using proportional controllers, e.g. PID controllers

using stored or historical data sets, e.g. using expert systems