W 0009/02 23-09-2002

1. The protest is admissible.

2. According to Rule 13.2 PCT, where a group of inventions is claimed in one and the same international application, the requirement of unity of invention referred to in Rule 13.1 PCT shall be fulfilled only when there is a technical relationship among those inventions involving one or more of the same or corresponding special technical features, whereby the expression "special technical features" shall mean those features that define a contribution which each of the claimed inventions, considered as a whole, makes over the prior art.

3. In its invitation to pay additional fees the ISA considered document US-A-2 914 309 to be the pertinent prior art and identified three different inventions by the special technical features involved in claims 6, 30 and 39. Conversely, the Applicant, arguing that the single general inventive concept was provided by the fact that the claims related to a pyrolysis method, a pyrolysis system and pyrolysis products, apparently considers the pyrolysis as being the special technical feature forming the basis for the required technical relationship between the claims.

4. It follows from Rule 13.2 PCT that the special technical features of each of the claimed inventions can only be determined in view of the pertinent prior art.

Document US-A-2 914 309, referred to by the ISA, relates to the recovery of hydrocarbon containing products from tar sands in situ by subjecting the tar sands to heat to pyrolyse the tar in the sands and to form pyrolysed hydrocarbons with are recovered (see column 1, lines 66 to 70). Thus, it is apparent that hydrocarbon recovery by pyrolysis, being known from this document, cannot be considered as a special technical feature defining a contribution to the prior art and, therefore, cannot form the basis for the required single general inventive concept (Rule 13.1 PCT). The Board cannot, therefore, follow the argument of the Applicant.

5. However, independent claim 1 not only refers to hydrocarbon recovery by pyrolysis in general but also defines a combined pressure/temperature control in accordance with a relation of pressure and temperature as specified in the equation included in these claims. No such relation can be derived from document US-A-2 914 309 which describes a temperature range of 250°C to 400°C for the pyrolysis (see claim 1 and column 7, lines 3 and 4) separately from an undefined "superpressure" created and maintained in the pyrolysis zone (see column 4, lines 16 to 19, or column 7, lines 13 to 15). Thus, the combined pressure/temperature control can be considered as a special technical feature defining a contribution which the invention claimed in claim 1 makes over the prior art.

The same feature is also included in independent claims 6, 17 and 21. Thus, the combined pressure/temperature control is regarded as a special technical feature providing a technical relation between the inventions defined in independent claims 1, 6, 17 and 21, with the consequence that these claims, together with the corresponding dependent claims 2 to 5, 7 to 16, 18 to 20 and 22 to 38, constitute a group of inventions so linked as to form a single general inventive concept.

6. The Board notes that, whilst no reasons were given by the ISA in the part of the invitation to pay additional fees dealing with the issue of unity of invention (parts 1 and 2 of the communication and the corresponding reasons on the first page of the extra sheets) for the statement of the ISA that "the method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation in situ from claim 1 is known from US 914 309", it was stated in the reasons relating to part 3 of this invitation that the use of the parameters A and B in claims 1 to 29. led to a lack of clarity, whereby claims 7 to 16 have been found unsearchable and the feature defining the combined pressure/temperature control in claims 1 to 6 and 17 to 29 was disregarded.

Hence, it appears that the ISA came to its conclusion on lack of unity of invention by considering only part of the independent claims and, more specifically, disregarding exactly the common feature of independent claims 1, 6, 17 and 21 forming the basis for the technical relationship between these claims, as set out above. This is inconsistent with regard to the consequences of a clarity objection and confuses the requirements of clarity and unity of invention. In fact, the parameters A and B are defined in the independent claims which, therefore, should also have been qualified as unsearchable if the use of these parameters was considered to lead to a serious lack of clarity, rather than disregarding part of the claim. This follows from Article 17(2)(b) PCT stipulating that certain claims, rather than parts of certain claims, may be excluded from the search. Further, a common feature of a group of claims may provide the technical relationship between the claims necessary to meet the requirement of unity of invention, irrespective of whether this feature is clear or not. In other words, an unclear feature may render a meaningful search impossible but, nevertheless, form a basis for a common inventive concept of a group of inventions.

Thus, if the ISA came to the conclusion that part of the independent claims, for example the use of the parameters A and B in the present independent claims 1, 6, 17 and 21, was so unclear as to render a meaningful search impossible, it should have notified the Applicant, according to Article 17(2)(a) and (b) PCT, that no International Search Report will be established for all the claims including this unclear feature, rather than disregarding solely this feature in the claims and restricting the search and the considerations on unity to the remaining subject-matter of the claims. It would not, therefore, have been necessary to pick out two different inventions from the dependent claims, in this case from claims 6 and 30, without giving reasons for this selection.

7. The third group of claims identified by the ISA includes independent claim 39 and dependent claims 40 to 55. Claim 39 relates to a pyrolysis product which is defined by its composition of having less than 10% by weight of olefins and an average carbon number less than 35. Since this pyrolysis product is not related to the combined pressure/temperature control of the pyrolysis methods and system of claims 1, 6, 17 and 21, the link between the latter claims cannot be extended to include claim 39. Further, the product and composition defined in claim 39 could be obtained by various pyrolysis methods, including the steam cracking of naphta described for example in document GB-A-1 480 860 cited in the Search Report, and there is no indication that the process of claims 1 and 6. inherently results in the product of claim 39. Thus, this product is not uniquely related to the production methods and system of independent claims 1, 6, 17 and 21. so as to form a single general inventive concept in the sense of Rules 13.1 and 13.2 PCT, resulting in a lack of unity.

8. It can be concluded that the application contains two different inventions, one including claims 1 to 38 and the other including claims 39 to 55. Since the Applicant paid two additional search fees for three inventions in total, one search fee, in this case the fee for the second group of claims 30 to 38, was unduly paid and has to be reimbursed. Refund of the protest fee cannot be ordered because the protest was successful only with regard to the first two inventions identified by the ISA and, therefore, not entirely justified (Rule 40.2(e) PCT).