T 2060/09 22-02-2013

1. Procedural aspects

Although having been duly summoned appellant 02 did not attend the oral proceedings, as announced. According to Rule 115(2) EPC and Article 15(3) RPBA, the oral proceedings were held without that party.

Main request

2. Subject-matter of claim 1

2.1 According to appellant 01 claim 1 defines a dispensing container comprising a nozzle. The features relating to a hub are not to be considered as forming part of the subject-matter of this claim and thus have to be disregarded.

2.2 Appellant 02 agreed to the Board's opinion of the annex that claim 1 is related to a container and is supposed to describe features of this container.

Concerning the features of claim 1 relating to the hub which was referred to in this claim as a second entity it expressed the view, referring to decisions T 0455/92 and T 0194/99 (both not published in the OJ EPO), that these features should also be taken into account since they contribute to the definition of the container itself.

2.3 The Board does not find the arguments of appellant 02 convincing and consequently does not see any reason to deviate from its opinion expressed in the annex (points 7.1.1 and 7.1.2).

Claim 1 is thus directed to a single entity, namely a dispensing container.

The features in this claim relating to the second entity (cf. annex, point 7.1.1), namely the dispensing assembly comprising a hub, do not form part of the subject-matter defined by claim 1.

This assessment of the subject-matter of claim 1 is not in conflict with the decisions T 0455/92 and T 0194/99 cited by appellant 02. According to T 0455/92 the length and overall breadth of a covering for a pressed product has been considered sufficiently defined by its intended use and the size such pressed products normally have (reasons, points 2.2 and 2.3). According to T 0194/99 it is, in principle, "possible in a claim for a first entity to define certain characteristics of that entity as a function of characteristics of a second entity employed when using the first entity ...". It is further indicated that "A prerequisite is, however, that the second entity and its relevant characteristics as such, not their exact values, are unambiguously identified in the claim" (reasons, point 3).

In the present case neither the hub as second entity nor its cooperation with the container (first entity) are unambiguously defined since the feature of claim 1 relating to the relationship of the nozzle with the hub defines only that the nozzle is adapted to receive the hub in a mating relationship. This feature thus does not give a basis for certain characteristics of the container or its nozzle being defined as a function of the hub as second entity. The feature defining that the hub has a cavity does not help either since it likewise does not lead to the mating relationship between the nozzle and the hub being further defined.

2.4 Since the features relating to the hub do not form part of the subject-matter of claim 1 either directly or indirectly, since they do not contribute to the definition of the container, the subject-matter of this claim concerns, as indicated in the annex

(i) a hermetically sealed, molded thermoplastic dispensing container which comprises

(ii) a nozzle unitary with the container and defining a dispensing aperture

(iii) a removable closure unitary with the nozzle occluding the aperture

(iv) a resilient and compressible annular bead which is provided extending outwardly about the periphery of the nozzle unitary therewith and spaced from the aperture.

The properties of the bead defined by feature (iv) appear to be the result of the material for / and the manufacturing process of the container as defined by feature (i).

3. Disclosure of document D4

3.1 D4 discloses, as indicated in the annex (points 7.2.1 and 7.2.2), with respect to the molded thermoplastic dispensing container of claim 1, a hermetically sealed, molded thermoplastic dispensing container 4 (page 8, lines 14 – 18; figures 1, 2) which comprises

a nozzle 12 unitary with the container and defining a dispensing aperture (page 8, line 34 – page 9, line 3; figures 1, 2, 3, 4),

a removable closure 6 unitary with the nozzle occluding the aperture (page 8, lines 14 – 26; figures 2, 3, 4) and

an annular bead 10 which is provided extending outwardly about the periphery of the nozzle unitary therewith and spaced from the aperture (page 8, line 32 – page 9, line 3; figures 1, 2).

3.2 Appellant 02 objects to the annular bead 10 being considered as resilient and compressible (feature (iv)). The argument based on "the conditions prevailing when the container is used together with a dispensing assembly" (letter dated 22 January 2013, first full paragraph of page 3) cannot be considered since, as indicated above, a dispensing assembly does not form part of the subject-matter of claim 1 and claim 1 furthermore is not directed to a use of such a combination.

The Board considers the argument that resiliency and compressibility concern two different requirements (letter dated 22 January 2013, second full paragraph of page 3) as holding true per se. Since, however, only these properties of the bead are referred to in claim 1 (feature (iv)) without further definition as to the resiliency on the one hand and the compressibility on the other, while also the shape and dimensions of the bead remain undefined, and its material is only referred to as thermoplastic, the material properties referred to by feature (iv) cannot be given any particular meaning.

Since the bead according to D4 is of – qualitatively similar shape and size and of the same material (page 7, lines 35 – 38) allowing its elastic radial deformation (page 10, lines 31, 32) its material properties cannot be seen as different from the ones according to feature (iv).

4. Novelty

4.1 Based on the above understanding of the subject-matter of claim 1 and of the disclosure of D4, the finding of lack of novelty in the impugned decision (reasons, point 3.0 i)) with respect to D4, is, as was indicated in the annex (points 7.4.1 and 7.4.2), correct.

Claim 1 as maintained

5. Subject-matter of claim 1 as maintained

5.1 As indicated in the annex (points 7.1.3 and 7.1.4) the subject-matter of claim 1 of the patent as maintained by the impugned decision relates to the use of a container (as defined by claim 1 according to the main request) together with a dispensing assembly comprising a hub, said hub including an inner surface defining a cavity.

Concerning this use claim it has not been disputed by appellant 01 that both the features defining the dispensing container (cf. point 2.4 above, features (i) to (iv)) and those defining the hub need to be taken into consideration, as well as the features concerning the cooperation of these two elements.

The features concerning the hub define that

(v) the hub includes an inner surface defining a cavity

and the features concerning the cooperation of the container and the hub define that

(vi) the nozzle is adapted to receive the hub in a mating relationship

(vii) the diameter of the bead in the region of engagement is greater than the diameter of the cavity included in the hub whereby

(viii) the bead is compressed when the hub is received over the bead and

(ix) the bead exerts a sealing force against the inner surface of the hub in the region of engagement between the hub and the bead

(x) to provide a liquid seal between the hub and the nozzle in the region of engagement.

5.1.2 Features (v) and (vi) define that in the dispensing assembly the nozzle is positioned within the cavity of the hub in a mating relationship.

As referred to in the annex (point 7.1.4) this mating relationship is defined as being between the bead (outer surface thereof) and the inner surface of the cavity of the hub.

The mating relationship is furthermore, as referred to by appellant 02 (letter dated 22 January 2013, point 1.2), such that "the bead is positioned within the hub, and ... provides a liquid seal between the hub and the nozzle".

6. Public prior use "Thilo"

6.1 Appellant 02 objected to the alleged public prior use "Thilo" (in the following referred to as the "Thilo"-container) on two accounts, as indicated in the annex (points 7.3.1 and 7.3.2). First, that it has not been proven that the "Thilo"-container has been made available to the public before the priority date of the patent in suit. Second, that the subject-matter of the "Thilo"-container is not relevant since the bead is at the end of the nozzle at the location of the dispensing aperture (cf. drawing no. 655–20/101 H). Further – concerning claim 1 of the patent as maintained – that no information is given concerning the cooperation of the container with a hub.

6.2 With respect to the public availability the Board indicated in the annex (point 7.3.2), that the circumstances referred to in the testimony of Mr. Hansen before the opposition division need to be considered. According to this testimony not only were 700 containers of the "Thilo" type ordered (protocol, page 12), the order no. 44/1/85 was confirmed, carrying the date 4 February 1985 (cf. annex A1), but also these containers came on the market. Further, the arguments of appellant 02 (grounds of appeal, point 2.1) have to be taken into account. Weighing the finding of the impugned decision that the prior use of the "Thilo"-container was sufficiently proven against the non-specific reasons given by appellant 02 the Board concludes that there is no reason to evaluate the evidence differently from the impugned decision.

6.3 It is evident, i.a. from the fact that inventive step was not addressed in the annex, that the assessment of the relevance of the "Thilo"-container given in the preliminary opinion (annex, point 7.3.2), was one in the context of the examination of novelty. Concerning this examination the subject-matter of the "Thilo"-container needed only be analysed in view of establishing whether the subject-matter of claim 1 is distinguished therefrom or not.

6.3.1 In the context of the examination of inventive step, referred to in the letters of appellant 01 (point 1) and appellant 02 (point 3) both dated 22 January 2013, the subject-matter disclosed in connection with the "Thilo"-container needs to be established in more detail. The reason is that establishing one distinguishing feature may suffice for deciding on novelty, but need not suffice with respect to the examination of inventive step. For the latter all distinguishing features need to be established, including which effect is caused by them.

6.3.2 In that respect the prior public use ("Thilo"-container) discloses, as indicated in the decision under appeal (reasons, point 2.2) and corresponding to features (ii) and (iii), a thermoplastic dispensing container having a nozzle unitary with the container and defining a dispensing aperture (cf. drawing no. 655-20/101H). The container further comprises a resilient and compressible (due to the material properties of the container) annular bead extending outwardly about the periphery of the nozzle and unitary therewith (corresponding to a part of features (iv)).

The bead is at the distal end of the nozzle (impugned decision, reasons point 2.2) and thus not spaced from the aperture as defined by the remainder of feature (iv).

6.3.3 Concerning this location of the bead the Board understands, contrary to appellant 01, the term "spaced" as referred to in feature (iv) of claim 1 to relate to a spacing in the axial direction of the nozzle and not one in radial direction. The latter is already given by part of feature (iv) according to which the bead extends outwardly about the periphery of the nozzle.

6.4 Concerning the objection of appellant 02 that with respect to the "Thilo"-container there is no disclosure of the cooperation of such a container with a hub in a dispensing assembly as referred to by feature (i), the Board considers the assessment of the impugned decision to be correct that the nozzle of this container is a conventional Luer-type fitting and the bead has been added at the distal end of the nozzle to improve the seal (reasons, points 2.2 and 3.7.2 ii)).

The Board considers, in line with the arguments of appellant 01, that the "Thilo"-container is part of a dispensing assembly comprising a hub including an inner surface defining a cavity. This fact is corroborated by the minutes of the witness hearing before the opposition division (page 5, middle paragraph: standardized containers to be connected with Luer-type connectors; page 11, first paragraph: insertion of the nozzle into a Luer-type connector to obtain a press fit). See also the ISO-Standard D7 referred to in the impugned decision (reasons, point 3.7.2 i)).

It is thus known in connection with the "Thilo"-container that this container is used with a dispensing assembly comprising a hub with a cavity adapted to accommodate the nozzle such that a Luer-type fitting is obtained by insertion of the nozzle with the bead at its distal end into the cavity of the hub. The bead being resilient and compressible then cooperates, since it extends outwardly about the periphery of the nozzle, with the cavity of the hub as defined by features (vi) to (ix) resulting in the effect according to feature (x). As referred to in the decision under appeal the bead thus forms a seal with the hub in addition to the seal resulting from the Luer-type fitting between the nozzle and the hub.

7. Novelty

7.1 Novelty has been objected to by appellant 01 based on the understanding of feature (iv) that in connection with the term "space" it is not defined that the bead is spaced in axial direction from the aperture.

As indicated above (cf. point 6.3.3) the Board does not adopt this interpretation of feature (iv). It considers instead, in line with the argumentation of appellant 02, that the part of feature (iv) concerned defines an axial spacing of the bead from the aperture.

The subject-matter of claim 1 is thus distinguished from the "Thilo"-container as used in a Luer-type fitting with a hub by the part of feature (iv) according to which the bead is spaced from the aperture.

8. Inventive step

8.1 Effect of the distinguishing feature / technical problem

8.1.1 The patent in suit refers to a disadvantage of a known container of the kind concerned stating (paragraph [0004], cf. also paragraph [0019]): "Hermetically sealed-containers 10 produced by the so-called blow/fill/seal techniques such as, for example the blow/fill/seal techniques shown and disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,671,763 to Weiler have gained widespread acceptance in the pharmaceutical field. Such containers are formed between cooperating molds that are closed around an extended length of a parison. This fabrication process, while efficient, necessarily results in a finished container with a mold seam or parting line". Concerning containers manufactured in this manner it is indicated (paragraph [0005]): "The presence of such a seam on a dispensing nozzle is disadvantageous in applications where it is desired to mount a dispensing needle or spike on the nozzle because the seam may create a gap between mating surfaces through which liquid contents of the container can leak during the dispensing operation. It would thus also be desirable to provide a container with an improved nozzle that provides a liquid seal in the region of the mold seam. The present invention provides such an improved nozzle on a dispensing container".

It is apparent that the improved nozzle which leads to the effect stated above is the one having a bead as defined by feature (iv) cooperating with the hub as defined by features (vi) to (x).

8.1.2 A particular further effect based on the distinguishing feature, namely that the bead is spaced from the aperture, is neither stated in the patent in suit nor is it derivable therefrom.

8.1.3 The problem underlying the subject-matter of claim 1 can therefore be derived from the above cited statements of the patent in suit: to "provide(s) ... an improved nozzle on a dispensing container".

This problem has been accepted by appellant 01 and it is in line with the one referred to by appellant 02 (cf. letter dated 22 January 2013; point 1.1 – page 3, first complete paragraph).

8.2 Obviousness

8.2.1 As a consequence of the above finding that the distinguishing feature does not have any further particular effect and the realization that the "Thilo"-container with its bead provided on its nozzle end also leads, in its use with a dispensing assembly, to the same effect of providing a liquid seal in the region of the mold seam, the latter solves the same problem as the use of the container defined by claim 1.

8.2.2 As a consequence the problem to be considered in the examination of inventive step, starting from the use of the "Thilo"-container with a dispensing assembly comprising a hub, needs to be reformulated in a less ambitious manner, namely to provide the container with an alternative nozzle.

8.2.3 The solution to this problem according to claim 1, namely to provide the bead spaced from the aperture, is based on an arbitrary measure, since, as indicated above, no particular other effect for the use of the container is associated with this spacing.

In other words: for the provision of a liquid seal it is of no influence at which axial position the bead is arranged on the nozzle. The distinguishing feature therefore cannot, either by itself or in combination with the remaining features of claim 1, be considered as contributing to inventive step.

The subject-matter of claim 1 of the patent as maintained thus does not involve an inventive step (Article 56 EPC).