T 1548/13 31-01-2019
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Systems and Methods for Interactive Program Guides with Personal Video Recording features
Claims - clarity
Claims - main request (no)
Claims - clarity
Claims - second auxiliary request (no)
Amendments - first auxiliary request
Amendments - added subject-matter (yes)
I. The appeal is against the decision of the examining division dated 27 March 2013 refusing European patent application No. 08 167 634.8 pursuant to Article 97(2) EPC.
The present application is a divisional application to European patent application No. 02 719 258.2 (earlier application), which was filed as international application and published as WO 02/069636 A1.
II. The documents cited in the decision under appeal included the following:
D6: WO 02/03682 A2.
III. The application was refused on the grounds that the claims of the then main (and sole) request did not meet the requirements of Articles 84 and 76(1) EPC.
In an obiter dictum (see section "C Further Remarks" of the decision under appeal), the examining division expressed its view that none of the priority claims for the subject-matter of claim 1 were valid, that document D6 belonged to the state of the art under Articles 54(2) and (3) EPC, and that D6 was novelty-destroying prior art for the claimed subject-matter.
IV. The applicant filed notice of appeal. With the statement of grounds of appeal, the appellant submitted claims according to a main request which, according to the appellant, were presented to the examining division on 26 February 2013. The appellant also filed claims according to an auxiliary request and submitted reasons as to why the claims of both requests met the requirements of Articles 54, 56, 76(1) and 84 EPC.
V. The board issued a summons to oral proceedings. In a communication under Article 15(1) RPBA (Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal, OJ EPO 2007, 536) annexed to the summons, the board noted that the claims of the main request filed with the grounds of appeal did not fully correspond to those of the main request forming the basis for the decision under appeal and asked the appellant to clarify its requests. The board gave its provisional opinion that:
(a) claim 1 of the main request was ambiguous and did not meet the requirements of Article 84 EPC,
(b) claim 1 of the main request did not meet the requirements of Articles 76(1) and 123(2) EPC because neither the earlier application as filed nor the present application as filed provided a clear and unambiguous basis for claiming "program parameter" in combination with "delete priority order",
(c) claim 1 of the auxiliary request did not meet the requirements of Articles 76(1) and 123(2) EPC because neither the earlier application as filed nor the present application as filed provided a clear and unambiguous basis for specifying that "each of the recorded programs is associated with one of a plurality of types within a program parameter, wherein a program parameter is one of program type, channel type, broadcast type, and series",
(d) claim 1 of the auxiliary request did not meet the requirements of Article 84 EPC because it was ambiguous which "types within the program parameter" the user could select to set a delete priority.
The board also indicated that should the appellant succeed in convincing the board that the claims of any of the requests on file clearly defined a multiple "level" process as illustrated by Figures 51 to 55B it would be minded to exercise its discretion under Article 111(1) EPC and remit the case to the department of first instance for further prosecution.
VI. By letter dated 21 December 2018, the appellant filed amended claims according to a main request and first and second auxiliary requests. The appellant submitted that the main request and first auxiliary request replaced the main request and first auxiliary request filed by letter dated 3 July 2013, and requested that the application be remitted to the examining division for further prosecution. It provided arguments as to why the amended claims met the requirements of Articles 84, 76(1) and 123(2) EPC.
VII. On 30 January 2019 and 31 January 2019, the board held oral proceedings.
On the first day of the oral proceedings, the appellant presented amended claims according to a new second auxiliary request, which were replaced by a further new second auxiliary request "10:48".
The appellant's final requests were that the decision under appeal be set aside and that the case be remitted to the department of first instance for further prosecution on the basis of the claims according to the main request filed with the letter dated 21 December 2018 or, in the alternative, on the basis of the claims according to the first auxiliary request filed with the letter dated 21 December 2018 or according to the second auxiliary request "10:48" filed at the oral proceedings on 30 January 2019.
At the end of the oral proceedings, the chairwoman announced the board's decision.
VIII. Claim 1 of the main request reads as follows:
"A method of managing recorded programs stored on a personal video recorder, wherein each of the recorded programs is associated with one of a plurality of types within the program parameter, the method comprising:
receiving a user selection of a delete priority setting for the types within the program parameter, thereby assigning a delete priority order to the recorded programs according to the types within the program parameter, wherein the delete priority order defines the order in which the types of recorded programs will be deleted;
displaying, based on the delete priority setting, a list indicating the delete priority order in which the types of recorded programs will be deleted from the personal video recorder; and
automatically deleting the recorded programs from the personal video recorder to manage storage space when space is needed to record a program, based on the delete priority order."
IX. Claim 1 of the first auxiliary request reads as follows:
"A method of managing recorded programs stored on a personal video recorder based on a program characteristic, the program characteristic including one of:
a plurality of program types;
a plurality of channel types; and
a plurality of broadcast types;
wherein each of the recorded programs is associated with one type of the plurality of types within the program characteristic, the method comprising:
receiving a user selection of a delete priority setting for the types within the program characteristic, thereby assigning a delete priority order to the recorded programs according to the types within the program characteristic, wherein the delete priority order defines an order in which the types of recorded programs will be deleted;
displaying, based on the delete priority setting, a list indicating the delete priority order in which the types of recorded programs will be deleted from the personal video recorder; and
automatically deleting the recorded programs from the personal video recorder to manage storage space when space is needed to record a program, based on the delete priority order."
X. Claim 1 of the second auxiliary request "10:48" reads as follows:
"A method of managing recorded programs stored on a personal video recorder based on a types associated with the recorded programs, wherein the types are one of:
a plurality of program types; and
a plurality of broadcast types;
the method comprising:
receiving a user selection of a delete priority setting for the plurality of types, thereby assigning a delete priority order to the recorded programs according to the plurality of types, wherein the delete priority order defines an order in which the types of recorded programs will be deleted;
displaying, based on the delete priority setting, a list indicating the delete priority order in which the types of recorded programs will be deleted from the personal video recorder; and
automatically deleting the recorded programs from the personal video recorder to manage storage space when space is needed to record a program, based on the delete priority order."
XI. The examining division's objections, where relevant to the present decision, may be summarised as follows:
(a) The term "type" was attributed different meanings in claim 1 and the description (see decision, Reasons, point 2.2.2).
(b) Originally filed claims 130 to 133 of the earlier application mentioned the term "program characteristic" in combination with "delete priority settings". Neither the claims of the earlier application as filed nor the description of the present application as filed provided a basis for claiming "program parameter" in combination with "delete priority order" (see decision under appeal, point 2.3).
XII. The appellant's arguments, where relevant to the present decision, may be summarised as follows:
(a) A person skilled in the art would understand from the description, page 119, lines 22 to 32, that the "other types of parameters" included "program type", "broadcast type" and "channel types" and Figures 54, 55A and 55B disclosed examples of "program type", "broadcast type" and "channel type" (see statement of grounds of appeal, page 4, second full paragraph and letter dated 21 December 2018, pages 2 and 3, heading "Article 84 EPC").
The phrase "types within the program parameter" specifying that the types fell inside the bounds set by the "program parameter" was consistent with the description according to which there was a distinction between "types of parameters" and, within each parameter, a subset of "types of programs". The person skilled in the art would understand, from the cited passages, that "program type" was an example of a "parameter", and that the specific program types "sports", "movies", "children", "adult", "sitcom", etc. were types within that parameter (see letter dated 21 December 2018, page 3, first paragraph).
(b) The hierarchy of steps for selecting a delete priority as illustrated on page 2 of the statement of grounds of appeal was apparent from the claims and page 119, lines 22 to 32. This passage in the description provided a link between setting an option and "types within a parameter" because the introduction of the term "[o]ther types of parameters" was immediately followed by an example in which a user selected the "program type delete by option", in response to which the "delete by program type display screen" shown in Figure 54 was displayed. The list depicted in Figure 54 matched the examples of "program types" given on page 122, lines 17 to 29 (see letter dated 21 December 2018, page 2, last paragraph to page 3, first full paragraph).
Page 119, lines 26 to 29, and page 123, lines 6 to 22 disclosed a user selecting a "delete by broadcast type option". The examples of "broadcast type" depicted in Figure 55A included examples from the list of "types of broadcast" on page 123, lines l5 to 17.
Page 119, lines 29 to 32, and page 123, line 23 to page 124, line 3 disclosed a user selecting a "delete by channel option". Figure 55B depicted a list of channels, identified by channel number and text.
(c) Claims 1 and 9 of the present application as filed and claim 130 of the earlier application as filed provided a basis for the term "program characteristic". Page 119, lines 13 to 32, page 122, lines 17 to 29, and page 123, line 6 to page 124, line 1 provided a basis for one of a plurality of program types, channel types and broadcast types. The person skilled in the art would understand that program types, channel types and broadcast types were program characteristics.
(d) The second auxiliary request was filed in reaction to the objection raised by the board that the application as filed did not provide a basis for the term "program characteristic".
(e) The person skilled in the art would understand from the examples set out in the description what was meant by "program type" and "broadcast type".
1. The appeal is admissible.
2. Main request - clarity (Article 84 EPC)
2.1 According to Article 84 EPC, the claims "shall be clear and concise".
According to established case law, the clarity of a claim is not diminished by the mere breadth of a term contained in it, if the meaning of this term - either per se or in the light of the description - is unambiguous for a person skilled in the art (see Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office, 8th edition 2016, II.A.3.3).
2.2 Claim 1 specifies "receiving a user selection of a delete priority setting for the types within the program parameter, thereby assigning a delete priority order to the recorded programs according to the types within the program parameter" (emphasis added).
2.3 The board agrees with the examining division that claim 1 of the main request is ambiguous because the term "type" is attributed different meanings throughout the claims and the description (see point XI(a) above).
2.4 Claim 1 refers to "types within the program parameter" without defining what is meant by "type" or "program parameter". The preposition "within" suggests that the "types" fall inside bounds set by the "program parameter". It is not apparent, though, for which characteristic of the program the bounds are set.
Claim 2 specifies that "the type is program type, selected from the group comprising sports, movie, child, adult, and situation comedy". This suggests that the type can be selected from a number of program types or genres. Hence, the "program parameter" defines the range or bounds set for selecting the program type.
2.5 The board is not convinced that a person skilled in the art understands from the description, page 119, lines 22 to 32, that the "types within the program parameters" include "program type", "broadcast type" and "channel types" and Figures 54, 55A and 55B disclose examples of "program type", "broadcast type" or "channel type" (see point XII(a) above).
2.5.1 The board notes that page 119, line 22 of the description as filed specifies "types of parameters" not "types within the program parameter". Whereas the description refers to parameters in general, the claim specifies one program parameter, i.e. a parameter characterising the program.
2.5.2 The board is not persuaded that "the program parameter" includes "program type", "broadcast type" and "channel type". Whereas "program type" characterises, inter alia, the program (see Figure 54 and description as filed, page 122, lines 27 to 29: "Program types may include sports, movies, children, adult, sitcom, or other suitable program types"), "broadcast type" and "channel type" rather specify how the program can be accessed (see description as filed, page 123, lines 15 to 17: "Types of broadcasts may include PPV, VOD, broadcast, cable, local access, and other suitable broadcast types", and page 74, lines 29 and 30: "cable channel, network, broadcast"). Therefore, the board does not consider "broadcast type" and "channel type" to be program parameters.
Moreover, Figure 55b shows channels identified by numbers and the examples given on page 119, lines 22 to 32, refer to "channel" rather than "channel type". The board is not convinced that the "channel" as such can be linked to any of the mentioned "types".
2.6 The board is not persuaded that the claims clearly specify the hierarchy of steps illustrated on page 2 of the statement of grounds of appeal and that the description establishes a clear link between setting an option and "types within a program parameter" (see point XII(b) above).
Page 119, lines 22 and 23, specifies that "[o]ther types of parameters", not other types of program parameters may be used to set the delete priority setting. Therefore, the paragraph starting on page 119, line 22, cannot establish a link between setting an option and the term "program parameter". Similarly, the "title[s] at the top of the screen[s]" of Figures 54, 55A and 55B do not identify "program type", "broadcast type" and "channel type" as "program parameter". Figure 51 shows a "delete priority setup" display screen which allows a user to select delete priority settings. The display screen includes a plurality of delete priority options, such as a "delete by program type option", a "delete by broadcast type option" and a "delete by channel option" (see description as filed, paragraph bridging pages 118 and 119), without establishing a link between an "option" and a "program parameter".
2.7 Summarising, claim 1 is ambiguous because the inconsistent use of terms (type, program parameter, setting, option) in the application does not allow a person skilled in the art to determine which "user selection" is received.
2.8 In view of the above, the board finds that claim 1 of the main request does not meet the requirements of Article 84 EPC.
3. First auxiliary request - added subject-matter (Article 123(2) EPC)
3.1 According to established case law of the Enlarged Board of Appeal for assessing compliance with Article 123(2) EPC, any amendment can only be made within the limits of what a skilled person would derive directly and unambiguously, using common general knowledge, and seen objectively and relative to the date of filing, from the whole of the description, claims and drawings as filed (see G 3/89, OJ EPO 1993, 117; G 11/91, OJ EPO 1993, 125; G 2/10, OJ EPO 2012, 376).
3.2 Claim 1 of the first auxiliary request specifies a "method of managing recorded programs stored on a personal video recorder based on a program characteristic, the program characteristic including one of:
a plurality of program types;
a plurality of channel types; and
a plurality of broadcast types;
wherein each of the recorded programs is associated with one type of the plurality of types within the program characteristic".
3.3 Contrary to the appellant's assertion (see point XII(c) above), originally filed claims 1 and 9 of the present application do not the mention the term "program characteristic". The board shares the examining division's view that the description of the present application as filed does not mention the term "program characteristic" (see point XI(b) above). Moreover, the board is not convinced that the person skilled in the art would directly and unambiguously derive from the description as a whole that the newly introduced term "program characteristic" included the types specified in the claim.
3.4 In view of the above, the board finds that claim 1 of the first auxiliary request does not meet the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC because the present application as filed does not provide a clear and unambiguous basis for the feature quoted in point 3.2 above.
4. Second auxiliary request "10:48" - admission into the appeal proceedings (Article 13(1) RPBA)
The second auxiliary request "10:48" was filed during the oral proceedings in reaction to the objection set out in section 3 above (see point XII(d) above). Since the wording "program characteristic" had been deleted from the claims, the board exercised its discretion under Article 13(1) RPBA and decided to admit the request into the appeal proceedings.
5. Second auxiliary request "10:48" - clarity (Article 84 EPC)
5.1 Claim 1 of the second auxiliary request "10:48" specifies a
"method of managing recorded programs stored on a personal video recorder based on types associated with the recorded programs, wherein the types are one of:
a plurality of program types; and
a plurality of broadcast types".
5.2 The board is not persuaded that the person skilled in the art understands from the examples given in the description what is meant by "program type" and "broadcast type" (see point XII(e) above).
The terms "program type" and "broadcast type" do not have well-defined technical meanings. "Program type" is normally used to denote a program genre such as news, sports, drama. "Broadcast type" is often used to distinguish between television and radio broadcast.
In the description these terms are given different (additional) meanings.
According to page 63, lines 7 and 8, and page 74, lines 26 to 28, "program types" specify genre, such as news, movies, sports, but also pay per view (PPV).
According to page 123, lines 15 to 17, "broadcast type" includes PPV, VOD, broadcast, cable or local access.
Summarising, both "program type" and "broadcast type" can be used to specify the free or payable access to a program. Hence, neither the claim nor the description gives a clear and unambiguous definition of "program type" and "broadcast type".
5.3 In view of the above, the board finds that claim 1 of the second auxiliary request "10:48" does not meet the requirements of Article 84 EPC because it is ambiguous on the basis of which user input the delete priority is set.
6. In the reasons of the decision under appeal, the examining division only dealt with the issues of clarity and added subject-matter. It follows from the above reasons that none of the claims of any of the appellant's requests fulfil the requirements of Article 84 EPC or they contain subject-matter which extends beyond the content of the present application as filed. Therefore, the board sees no reason to set aside the decision under appeal and to remit the case to the department of first instance, pursuant to Article 111(1) EPC. Consequently, the appeal is to be dismissed.
For these reasons it is decided that:
The appeal is dismissed.