Résumé de Article 084 EPC pour la décision T0583/23 du 31.01.2025

In T 583/23 the parties agreed that claim 1 related to a closed composition, i.e. a smoke condensate that did not include other components than those stated in the claim. The board noted that claim construction, namely the meaning that a skilled person would give to the wording of a claim, was a question of law. In determining this, the board was not bound by the parties' views on the matter. The smoke condensate composition defined in claim 1 was introduced by the term "comprising." Due to the open-ended nature of this formulation, the inclusion of additional ingredients was, in principle, not excluded. Moreover, the scope of claim 1 included smoke condensates having a low pH of between 2.0 and 3.5, which were a preferred embodiment in the patent. These smoke condensates must necessarily comprise acids. Likewise, claims 2 and 3 contained further limitations which were not in line with a "closed" interpretation of claim 1. Citing T 107/14 and T 303/20, the respondent (opponent) had argued that claim 2 as granted was a "false dependent claim" because it altered the closed composition of an allegedly closed independent claim 1. The board disagreed. As suggested in T 107/14, whether a particular amendment extended beyond the content of the application as originally filed must be assessed based on the information that is clearly and unambiguously disclosed in the entire application as originally filed, i.e. on the merits of the specific case. The same holds true for the interpretation of a specific claim and the question of whether it is a dependent claim or not. According to the board, the indication "and the rest water" in claim 1 did not rule out the presence of further components in the smoke condensates, as long as water complemented the composition to 100 wt%. Such an interpretation of claim 1 was technically not nonsensical. By contrast, it was in line with e.g. claims 2 and 3 when interpreted as "truly dependent claims", and it led to a scenario which was not at variance with the teaching of the patent itself. For these reasons, the board construed claim 1 as encompassing smoke condensates which could comprise other components than those explicitly specified in the claim ("open claim formulation"), such as, undoubtedly, acids.