Zusammenfassung von Article 069 EPC für die Entscheidung G0001/24 vom 18.06.2025

In G 1/24 the Enlarged Board ("EBA") considered the points of law referred to it by Technical Board of Appeal 3.2.01 in T 439/22 of 24 June 2024. The first question was whether Art. 69(1), second sentence, EPC and Art. 1 of the Protocol on the Interpretation of Article 69 EPC are to be applied to the interpretation of patent claims when assessing the patentability of an invention under Art. 52 to 57 EPC. The second question concerned whether the description and figures are to be consulted when interpreting the claims to assess patentability and, if so, whether this may be done generally or only if the person skilled in the art finds a claim to be unclear or ambiguous when read in isolation. The third and final question was whether a definition or similar information on a term used in the claims, which is explicitly given in the description, can be disregarded when interpreting the claims to assess patentability and, if so, under what conditions. The EBA confirmed that the departments of the EPO were required to interpret patent claims when assessing the patentability of an invention under Art. 52 to 57 EPC. As regards Question 1, the EBA held that there was no clear legal basis, in terms of an article of the EPC, for claim interpretation when assessing patentability. Article 69 EPC and Art. 1 of the Protocol were arguably only concerned with infringement actions and therefore were not entirely satisfactory as a basis for claim interpretation when assessing patentability. Article 84 EPC could also be criticised as an alternative legal basis as it addresses the content of the patent application and is formal in nature without providing guidance on how to interpret claims. It only sets out an instruction to the drafter of what needs to be in the claims and an instruction to the EPO to determine whether the claims meet that purpose. The EBA considered, however, that there was an existing body of case law of the Boards of Appeal which applied the wording of the aforementioned provisions in an analogous way to the examination of patentability under Art. 52 to 57 EPC, and from which the applicable principles of claim interpretation could be extracted. The EBA further held it a settled point in the case law of the Boards of Appeal that the claims are the starting point and the basis for assessing the patentability of an invention under Art. 52 to 57 EPC. As regards Question 2, the EBA stated that the description and any drawings must always be consulted when interpreting the claims, and not just in the case of unclarity or ambiguity. In adopting this position, the EBA rejected the case law of the Boards of Appeal that sees no need to refer to the descriptions and drawings when interpreting a claim, unless the claim is unclear or ambiguous. It found that this case law was contrary to the wording, and hence the principles, of Art. 69 EPC. It was also contrary to the practice of both the national courts of the EPC contracting states and the UPC. Moreover, from a logical point of view, the finding that the language of a claim is clear and unambiguous was an act of interpretation, not a preliminary stage to such an interpretative act. Question 3 was held inadmissible by the EBA, which considered it to be encompassed by Question 2. The EBA also referred to the harmonisation philosophy behind the EPC and noted that the case law of the UPC Court of Appeal on claim interpretation appeared to be consistent with the above conclusions. It further highlighted the importance of the examining division carrying out a high quality examination of whether a claim fulfils the clarity requirements of Art. 84 EPC, and stated that the correct response to any unclarity in a claim was amendment. The order by the EBA in G 1/24 reads as follows: "The claims are the starting point and the basis for assessing the patentability of an invention under Articles 52 to 57 EPC. The description and drawings shall always be consulted to interpret the claims when assessing the patentability of an invention under Articles 52 to 57 EPC, and not only if the person skilled in the art finds a claim to be unclear or ambiguous when read in isolation.