T 0068/05 11-07-2006

1. Under Article 108, third sentence EPC, a written statement setting out the grounds of appeal must be filed within four months of the date of notification of the decision. In the present case this time limit elapsed on 29 March 2005 (Rule 78(2), Rule 83(1), (2) and (4), Rule 85(1) EPC). As no statement of grounds has been filed in this time limit, the appeal should be rejected as inadmissible in application of Rule 65(1) EPC, unless the request for re-establishment of rights, filed by the appellant on 24 May 2005 is granted.

2. According to the wording of Article 122(1) EPC, only the applicant for or proprietor of a European Patent who was unable to observe a time limit vis-à-vis the European Patent Office shall, upon application, have his rights re-established. The Enlarged Board of Appeal, however, held in its decision G 1/86 (OJ EPO 1987, 447) that an Appellant may as opponent also have his rights re-established under Article 122 EPC if he has failed to observe the time limit for filing the statement of grounds of appeal. Therefore, Article 122 EPC is applicable in the present case.

3. The application for re-establishment complies with the formal requirements of Article 122(2) EPC. The cause of non-compliance with the time limit was removed on 4 May 2005 by the actual receipt of the board's communication pursuant to Article 108 and Rule 65 (1) EPC dated 3 May 2005 which informed the appellant that the statement of grounds had not been filed. Therefore, the starting point for calculating the two months time limit, within which, according to Article 122(2), first sentence EPC, the request must be filed, is 4 May 2005. The time limit was complied with the letter received on 24 May 2005 containing the application for re-establishment of rights, the grounds and facts on which the application was based together with the payment of the fee for re-establishment. The omitted act, i.e. failure to file the statement of grounds of appeal was also completed on that day. The application complies also with Article 122(3) EPC and is, therefore, admissible.

4. As to the allowability of the request, Article 122(1) EPC makes it a condition for re-establishment of rights that the person applying for re-establishment shows that "all due care required by the circumstances" was taken.

4.1 If the appellant has entrusted to an assistant the performance of routine tasks, the same strict standards of care are not expected of the assistant as are expected of the representative (cf. J 5/80, point 6 of the reasons). Hence, a culpable error on the part of the assistant made in the course of carrying out routine tasks is not to be imputed to the representative if the latter has himself or herself shown that he or she exercised the necessary due care in dealing with the assistant. In this respect, it is incumbent upon the representative:

- to choose for the work a suitable person,

- to properly instruct the person in the tasks to be performed, and

- to exercise reasonable supervision over the work (cf. J 5/80, point 7 of the reasons).

In the present case, the first two requirements have been complied with.

The assistant, entrusted with noting and controlling the time limits was a carefully trained and experienced person.

The fact that she had passed the examination as a patent agent assistant (Patentanwaltsgehilfin) is sufficient to establish that she was indeed familiar with all the time limits of the EPC and their calculation. To this the experience of several years of practice is to be added. It can thus be assumed that she was qualified for her work.

As to the third requirement of exercising reasonable supervision over the work of the assistant it has to be concluded that random controls were apparently not performed.

4.2 The appellant based its request on the ground that, pursuant to the established case law of the Boards of Appeal Article 122 EPC is intended to ensure that, in appropriate cases, the loss of substantive rights does not result from an isolated procedural mistake within a normally satisfactory system (J 2 and 3/86, OJ EPO 1987, 362). An isolated mistake in a normally satisfactory system is excusable provided that it can be plausibly shown that a normally effective system for monitoring time limits prescribed by the EPC existed in the office in question at the relevant time. Such a system is normally satisfactory if it can be shown that it operated efficiently for many years. This generally implies the existence of an effective cross-check mechanism. In a large firm where a large number of deadlines have to be monitored daily (more than a hundred time limits) it is to be expected that an independent cross-check is built into the system in order to counterbalance human errors (see the case law references in: Case law of the Boards of Appeal, 4th edition 2001, VI.E.5.1.2 c); see for example T 428/98 of 23 February 2001, OJ EPO 2001,494). However, in a relatively small patent department, normally working in an efficient and personal manner, employing normally reliable personnel, a cross-check mechanism for monitoring time limits may be dispensed with without offending against the duty of all due care as laid down in Article 122(1) EPC (see the case law references in: Case law of the Boards of Appeal, 4th edition 2001, VI.E.5.1.2 b); see also T 166/87, T 223/88, J 31/90 and T 72/99 not published in the OJ). In the present case it seems that the appellant's patent department is "a relatively small patent department" (4 employees); thus, an effective extensive cross-check is normally not required.

4.3 The alleged isolated mistake of the secretary has not been supported by any evidence, for example an unsworn declaration ("eidesstattliche Versicherung") from the secretary. The appellant has not provided written evidence, e.g. a copy of the entries in the time-limit calendar and the time-limit flag on the file. Also for example the file memorandum ("Notiz des Sachbearbeiters") which allegedly led to the entry by the secretary of the wrong time limit into the calendar has not been filed. Thus, the required standard for establishing all due care is not fulfilled (Article 122(3), first sentence EPC). The appellant did not submit any written evidence available in connection with the alleged events. In particular also, the application does not contain any information as to why the "Sachbearbeiter" did not note the alleged mistake. Failure to submit such written evidence in support of the appellant's submission permits to conclude by the board as a sign that no tangible confirmation of events leading to the failure to comply with the deadline exists. Therefore, the application for re-establishment of rights has to be refused.

5. Consequently, the appeal has to be rejected as inadmissible because the statement of grounds have not been filed in due time.