W 0014/99 13-10-1999

1. Admissibility of the protest

1.1. Rule 68.3(c) PCT requires that payment under protest is accompanied by "a reasoned statement to the effect that the international application complies with the requirement of unity of invention or that the amount of the required additional fee is excessive".

1.2. It may be disputed whether the arguments under point III(i) above fulfil this requirement in that the applicant did not comment on the technical relationship among the claimed inventions involving one or more of the same or corresponding special technical features (Rule 13.2 PCT; see the unpublished decisions W 9/94, points 2.4 and 3, and W 12/94, points 1.1 and 1.2, which both had to deal with similar questions).

1.3. The statement undoubtedly contains reasons with respect to the amount of the additional fees which is considered to be excessive (see point III(ii) above). Even if the applicant does not contest the number of the additional fees, a wrong amount for individual fees may arguably fall under the terms of Rule 68.3(c) PCT and is thus sufficient to qualify as a reasoned statement. Since the required fees have also been paid in time, the protest is admissible.

2. Sufficiency of reasoning in the IPEA invitation

2.1. The first question to be decided is whether the invitation issued by the IPEA was sufficiently reasoned to enable the applicant to examine whether the request to pay additional fees was justified. To this end it is necessary, according to established case law of the boards of appeal, to take account of the problem(s) solved by the alleged inventions. Only in exceptional and straightforward cases can a mere list of the different subject-matters constitute a sufficient substantiation (see W 4/85, OJ 1987, 63, point 3; W 11/89, OJ 1993, 225, point 4.1; W 4/94, OJ 1996, 73, point 4.1).

2.2. The invitation essentially refers to the common concept in terms of technical features contained in each of the claims of groups (a), (b), (c), see paragraph II(i) above. This concept is found to lack novelty in view of DE .... The invitation then lists the "special technical features" of each of the groups without explicitly setting out why there is no technical relationship among these groups involving one or more of the same or corresponding special technical features (Rules 13.2 PCT; emphasis added by the board).

2.3. The different "special technical features" listed in the invitation obviously relate to different parts of the known bistable overload relay. Group (a) comprises features shown in the upper region of the drawings, .... Group (b) relates to the arrangement of the contacts shown in the lower region of the drawings. Group (c) specifies features shown in the central region of the drawings, ....

2.4. The description of the present application ("Substitute Sheets (Rule 26)") discloses that the different aspects described may be combined in a reliable, mechanical trip mechanism that can be economically manufactured (page 3, lines 6 to 8). The summary of the invention refers to three different "facets of the invention" (page 3, lines 18 to 28; page 4, lines 10 to 21; page 4, line 26 to page 5, line 7) essentially corresponding to groups (a), (b), (c). The description of the "embodiments" following each of these "facets" and the description of the drawings disclose that the features of group (a) provide .... The features of group (b) are aimed at providing .... The features of group (c), providing .... address the problem of ....

2.5. In this particular situation where it is immediately apparent that the three groups (a), (b), (c) identified in the invitation correspond to the three "facets" described in the application as addressing different problems, the board considers that it needed no further explanation as to why there was no correspondence in the "special technical features" of the different groups (a), (b), (c), so that it followed that they related to separately claimed inventions which did not fulfil the requirement of unity of invention. Thus the IPEA gave sufficient reasons in the invitation.

3. Justification of the protest

3.1. It remains to be decided whether the protest was justified by the presence of a single general inventive concept linking groups (a), (b), (c).

3.2. An invitation under Rule 68.2 PCT may be issued by the IPEA whether or not the question of unity has been raised by the ISA. However this requirement must in principle be judged by the same objective criteria by both the ISA and the IPEA (see PCT International Preliminary Examination Guidelines, III-7.10 and G 1/89, OJ 1991, 155, points 4 and 8.1, which also confirmed, under point 6, the binding nature of the PCT Guidelines). Both the ISA and the IPEA may exercise a discretion whether or not to issue an invitation (PCT International Search Guidelines, VII-12 and PCT International Preliminary Examination Guidelines, III-7.10 and VI-5.9). If no invitation is issued, the ISA, contrary to the IPEA (Rule 68.1 PCT), need not necessarily indicate that the requirement of unity of invention is not fulfilled (cf Rule 40 PCT). Moreover, the ISA may only form a provisional opinion on novelty and inventive step for the purpose of carrying out an effective search which is in no way binding on the IPEA (G 1/89, supra, point 8.1). The fact that the Search Report does not indicate a lack of unity does not therefore imply that the requirement of unity of invention is fulfilled (cf W 9/94, supra, points 2.3 and 2.4). Nor does it imply that a single general concept has been searched and that this concept was found to be inventive by the ISA.

3.3. The applicant has not presented any arguments contesting the accuracy of the common concept specified in the invitation, nor the finding that it lacks novelty in view of DE .... The board sees no reason to disagree with this finding.

3.4. It is clear to the skilled reader of the present application that the three different groups of claimed inventions may be provided independently in a trip mechanism for an overload relay and that they solve different problems (see above comments). They do not therefore contain corresponding technical features in the meaning of Rule 13.2 PCT.

4. Amount of the required additional fees

4.1. The invitation issued by the IPEA correctly referred, on its covering sheet, to the applicable regulations for International Preliminary Examination (Article 34(3) and Rule 68.2 PCT). It was therefore clear that the invitation was for the payment of additional examination fees (not search fees; see also Rule 104a(2) EPC).

4.2. The applicant does not contend that an excessive number of additional examination fees was requested. The IPEA admittedly requested a wrong amount of additional examination fees in the present case (see paragraph IV above), but the difference of DM 1,71 per additional fee paid in excess is to be considered as an insignificant amount, the refund of which falls under the provisions of Article 10c in combination with Article 1(b) of the Rules Relating to Fees and needs no decision by this board (see also W 4/95, unpublished, points 10 and 12, concerning refund of a part of additional fees under Rule 68.3(c) PCT).

5. The invitation by the IPEA to pay two additional fees was therefore justified.