J 0018/86 (Filing date) 27-04-1987

1. The appeal complies with Articles 106 to 108 and Rule 64 EPC, and is therefore admissible.

2. Under Article 87 EPC, the Appellant enjoyed a right of priority in respect of his invention during a period of twelve months (the Convention year) from the date of filing of his Canadian patent application in respect of the same invention on 18 June 1984. In order that his European patent application can claim such priority right from 18 June 1984, the European application must accordingly have been "filed at the EPO" on or before 18 June 1985.

3. On 17 June 1985, the Appellant's representative posted the documents constituting the European application to the UK Patent Office (UKPO) in London from Sheffield, by first class letter post. In the ordinary course of post within the UK, a first class letter should be delivered at its destination on the day following the day of posting. Unfortunately, the letter containing the European application did not reach the UKPO until two days after posting, on 19 June 1985, i.e., one day after the Convention year expired. The question raised by this appeal is whether in these circumstances the Appellant can establish that for the purposes of the EPC the European application should be regarded as having been filed at the EPO on 18 June 1985, and thus still claim his right of priority.

4. The EPC is a treaty between the Contracting States. Its Preamble states that the Contracting States are "DESIRING that (the protection of inventions) may be obtained in those States by a single procedure for the grant of patents ...". Article 1 EPC states that "A system of law, common to the Contracting States, for the grant of patents for invention is hereby established". Clearly such system of law includes both procedural and substantive law. Thus prima facie the EPO provides a system of procedural law which is common to the Contracting States.

5. Article 75 EPC states the manner in which a European patent application may be filed. Article 75(1)(a) EPC provides for filing directly at the EPO. Article 75(1)(b) EPC provides that "A European patent application may be filed ... if the law of the Contracting State so permits, at the central industrial property office or other competent authority of that State. An application filed in this way shall have the same effect as if it had been filed at the EPO". As far as the UK is concerned, it is not in dispute that the national law does "permit" the filing of a European patent application at the UKPO, even though there is no express statutory provision which gives such permission. The justification for such permission is set out in the "Review of Date of Receipt" (referred to in paragraph II. above), in the paragraph bridging pages 4 and 5.

6. Article 80 EPC defines the "date of filing" of a European patent application as the date on which "documents filed by the Applicant contain" information as specified in subparagraphs (a) to (d) thereof. Documents containing such information were in fact received at the UKPO on 19 June 1985, and there is no dispute that the European application is at least entitled to a filing date of 19 June 1985.

7. Rule 24 EPC sets out "General provisions" for the filing of a European patent application, in implementation inter alia of Articles 75 and 80 EPC. Sub-paragraph (1) permits such an application to be filed by post, either at the EPO or at a national authority such as the UKPO. Sub-paragraph (2) requires the authority where an application is filed to mark the documents with their date of receipt, and to issue a receipt stating inter alia their date of receipt. Furthermore, sub-paragraph (3) deals specifically with the situation when a European application is filed at a competent national authority (by virtue of Article 75(1)(b) EPC), and requires in this circumstance that the competent authority where the application is filed "shall inform the EPO of the nature and date of receipt of the documents, the application number and any priority claimed". All these provisions in Rule 24 EPC point very strongly towards the conclusion that the date of filing of a European application is always the date on which the documents of the application are actually received, either directly at the EPO or at a competent national authority. If this were not so, it would be difficult to justify requiring each competent national authority to mark the documents with their date of receipt and to inform both the Applicant and the EPO of their date of receipt. The national authorities of the Contracting States consider themselves bound by the provisions of Rule 24 EPC. Thus in the present case the UKPO followed all the above requirements. Beyond such requirements, each Contracting State is clearly free to regulate how and when applications may be filed nationally.

8. The EPO has issued "Guidelines for handling European patent applications at central industrial property offices or other competent authorities of Contracting States to the EPC", to such competent authorities. The June 1985 edition of such Guidelines is referred to in the Decision of the Receiving Section and, in particular, paragraph II.2 "Method of filing" was relied upon by the Appellant. This paragraph explains that each Contracting State is free to decide how and when applications may be filed in that State, and refers inter alia to the optional provision of an automatic post-box (which would determine the date when letters are received).

9. The case put forward on behalf of the Appellant is that although Rule 24 EPC refers to the "date of receipt" of an application, the date of receipt is not necessarily equivalent to the date of filing. Article 87(2) and (3) EPC was referred to as an example within the EPC where the date of filing may not be the same as the date of receipt - for example if a priority application is filed by post in the UK, and UK Rule 97 is relied upon to establish a date of filing earlier than the date of receipt of the application. It was therefore submitted that it is always necessary to look to the local circumstances to determine what the date of filing is. In the present case (it was submitted) the "local circumstances" include the provision of UK Rule 97 in the national law, and this provision should be regarded as an aspect of the UK "deciding how and when" applications may be filed at the UKPO, just as the UK can decide to install an automatic post-box. UK Rule 97 was argued to be of general application, and apt to cover European applications, and to provide the same effect as a date determining device in an automatic post-box.

10. The Board has carefully considered UK Rule 97 in its context in the UK Patents Rule 1982, and the relevant provisions of the UK Patents Act 1977, under which UK Rule 97 was made. There is no doubt that if UK Rule 97 is read in isolation, its wording is broad enough to cover a European patent application "sent to the UKPO by posting it in the United Kingdom". However, the fact that its wording is broad enough to cover, and is apt to cover, the facts of the present case, does not mean that as a matter of law it should be so applied. Authority for applying UK Rule 97 to a European patent application must be derived from the EPC. The relevant provisions of the EPC have been set out above, and in the Board's judgement there is nothing in such provisions which admits of the possibility of applying a provision of any national law (such as UK Rule 97) to the determination of the date of filing of a European patent application.

11. In the Board's view Rule 24 EPC provides, on its proper interpretation, a comprehensive and self-sufficient system in accordance with which the EPO can determine the date of filing of a European patent application, wherever it is filed, (provided it is filed in accordance with Article 75(1) EPC). Sub-paragraph (2) of Rule 24 EPC requires every authority (including the EPO itself) to mark the documents with their date of receipt and to inform the Applicant of this date, by providing a receipt with the date of receipt stated on it. Sub-paragraph (3) requires every competent authority within Article 75(1)(b) EPC to inform the EPO of the date of receipt of such documents. Sub-paragraph (3) does not require such a competent authority to provide any other information which could be relevant to the determination of the date of filing. Thus, in accordance with Rule 24(3) EPC, when a competent authority informs the EPO of the date of receipt of documents which constitute a European patent application, that date of receipt is the date of filing which that application will be accorded. There is nothing in the EPC which enables the EPO to accord a date of filing for such an application, other than the date of receipt of such documents at the competent authority, as notified to the EPO in accordance with Rule 24(3) EPC.

12. In accordance with this view of the function of the provisions of Rule 24 EPC, the Board is therefore unable to accept the submission on behalf of the Appellant that UK Rule 97 should be considered as equivalent to a datedetermining post-box. Such a post-box is a means whereby a competent authority determines the date of receipt of documents which are filed at that authority, in order that such a date of receipt can be duly notified to the EPO in accordance with Rule 24(3) EPC. In contrast, UK Rule 97 is not concerned with determining the date of receipt of documents: it is concerned with determining the (notional) date of filing. In relation to a European patent application filed at a competent authority, it is for the competent authority to determine the date of receipt, and thereafter for the EPO to determine the date of filing (not vice versa).

13. Furthermore, the Board is not satisfied that on the proper interpretation of UK Rule 97, when considered in its context of the remainder of the Patents Rules 1982 and the Patents Act 1977, it was intended that it should be applicable to a European patent application filed at the UKPO as a competent authority with Article 75(1)(b) EPC. Thus although, as previously recognised, when considered in isolation UK Rule 97 is apt to cover the filing of such a European application, it does not follow on its true interpretation that it was intended to cover such a filing, or that it should cover such a filing. In the first place, Section 119 of the 1977 Act does not provide that a European patent application may be filed at the UKPO (as a competent authority) by post. A European patent application is not "an application or other document" authorised or required by the 1977 Act to be filed. There is nothing in the 1977 Act which "authorises or requires" a European patent application to be filed anywhere. The provision of such authorisation is the function of Article 75 EPC. Thus it is not the UK Act or Rules that empowers an applicant for a European patent to file a European application at the UKPO by post: it is Rule 24 EPC in combination with Article 75 EPC. In the second place, although UK Rule 97 was made by the Secretary of State by virtue of his power under Section 123 of the UK Act, which Section refers to "regulating the business of the (UK) Patent Office in relation to ... (inter alia) applications for European patents", it does not follow that Rule 97 is intended to be applied to European patent applications. Indeed, it would be perfectly consistent with the interpretation of Rule 24 EPC as discussed in paragraphs 11 and 12 above if UK Rule 97 does not apply to a European patent application; and it would be rather contrary to such interpretation of Rule 24 EPC if UK Rule 97 does apply to such an application.

14. Having regard to the conclusions set out above, it is not necessary for the Board to deal in detail with the other submissions made on behalf of the Appellant concerning

(a) the effect of the provisions of Swiss law, and

(b) the decisions of the Boards of Appeal concerning the late payment of fees.

(See decisions of the Legal Board of Appeal J 26/80, OJ EPO 1982, 7, J 5/84 "Computer fault/Rippes", OJ EPO 1985, 306 and J 24/86 "Cash payment to Post Office/ Phillips", OJ EPO 1987, 399 and the decision of the Technical Board of Appeal T 214/83 "Giro payment/ Sigma", OJ EPO 1985, 10). As to (a), the Board notes that under Article 2 of the Swiss Ordinance on Patents for Inventions of 19 October 1977, which applies to national Swiss patents, the date of submission is the mailing date, as proved by the postmark. In contrast, Article 115(2) of the Ordinance, which specifically deals with European patent applications and patents that produce their effect in Switzerland, requires the Federal Bureau of Intellectual Property to indicate on the documents of a European patent application the date on which they were received. This requirement is fully consistent with Rule 24(2) EPC. The Board does not accept that under Swiss law, in the absence of Article 115(2) of the Swiss Patent Ordinance, Article 2 would have applied to European patent applications filed in accordance with Article 75(1)(b) EPC at the Swiss Federal Bureau. In the Board's view, even in the absence of Article 115(2) of the Ordinance, Rule 24 EPC would bind the Swiss Federal Bureau, just as it binds the UKPO. As to (b), in the Board's view the decisions of the Boards of Appeal concerned with late payment of fees can be distinguished by the fact that they are each concerned with the "date of entry of a payment into an account at the post office or bank held by the EPO". The fact that once a letter is posted and thus put in the control of the UK postal authorities, it cannot be recovered, is not therefore analogous to the circumstances of the above decisions, because the UK postal authority is not equivalent to "an account held by the EPO".