3. Non-patentability pursuant to Arts. 52 to Art. 57

The same substantive requirements regarding patentability pursuant to Arts. 52 to Art. 57 apply in opposition as in examination. G‑I to G-VII will therefore also be applied in opposition proceedings. However, it will be more common in opposition proceedings than in examination for the examination as to patentability to be based on the state of the art as made available to the public not by written description but "by means of an oral description, by use, or in any other way" (see Art. 54(2) and G‑IV, 7).