4.6 Evaluation of the testimony of parties 

Oral or written evidence given by parties, or their refusal to give evidence, is evaluated in the light of their special interest in the matter. Because of their special interest, it may be that the testimony of parties cannot be evaluated in the same way as that of neutral witnesses. This applies above all where parties were present when witnesses were heard and have been able to ascertain what view the competent department has taken. The considerations set out in E‑IV, 4.5 (Evaluation of the testimony of a witness) apply mutatis mutandis.