This Polish research team have stabilised the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecule by changing just one atom in 80 000. Their work has led to a vaccine against cancer and could treat inherited diseases too.
This British research duo invented “biological scaffolds” which are used for wound care, heart valve replacement and orthopaedic and surgical applications.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a widely adopted diagnostic tool thanks to German biophysicist Jens Frahm. Now he brings MRI to the video age: moving images in real-time.
Millions have learned the basics of computer coding thanks to programmable robotic toy construction kits from Danish company LEGO. Developed by Gaute Munch and an international team including Erik Hansen, the kits – LEGO MINDSTORMS – first came to market in 1998. Now in their third generation, they continue to attract, educate and fascinate millions of young enthusiasts and school children.
These two French tyre experts at Michelin developed truck tyres that last 20% longer and save one litre of fuel every 100km.
The next generation of microprocessors is being produced with European hi-tech thanks to key inventions in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) manufacturing by Dutch engineer Erik Loopstra and Dutch-Russian physicist Vadim Banine.
