C. Mündliche Verhandlung

Catchword:

Hearing a witness in first instance proceedings by videoconference allowed sufficient interaction between the deciding body, the parties and the witness. Albeit a part of the witness' body language was not visible to the participants, this did not amount to an infringement of the parties' right to be heard since the judgement on the witness' credibility was mainly based on the conclusiveness of his/her testimony and the absence of contradictions within the witness' own testimony, between the testimonies of several witnesses and/or contradictions between the witness' testimony and information derivable from supporting documents (reasons, point 2).

Catchword: 

The Board is within its discretion in refusing a party time to formulate questions to the Enlarged Board whose only purpose it could be to reopen a debate on issues that had already been closed, and based on which the Board had reached its conclusions, Reasons 5.

Catchword: 

Examining division's continual refusal to appoint oral proceedings rendered the appellant's request for oral proceedings futile. Withdrawal of the request for oral proceedings under these circumstances does not absolve the examining division from its duty to hold oral proceedings (Reasons 1.5).

Catchword:

1. For the question of whether the applicant is "successor in title" within the meaning of Article 87(1) EPC, it is sufficient for the applicant or patent proprietor to demonstrate that the assignment of the priority right was effective before the subsequent application was filed. The law does not set forth any other condition. In particular, the assignment need not be effective before the filing date of the subsequent application. (see point 2.3). 2. In the context of in-person oral proceedings, a request of a party for a hybrid format to allow the representatives to attend the hearing in person and other attendees to attend remotely should normally be granted only if the participation of the person for whom the access by means of videoconferencing technology has been requested is related to a person whose participation in the oral proceedings is relevant to the case, in particular to the decision to be taken at the oral proceedings (see point 1.).

Orientierungssatz: Gründe 5.1, 6, 7

Catchword:

1. Artikel 15a VOBK 2020 gibt der Kammer ein Ermessen bei der Entscheidung, die mündliche Verhandlung von Amts wegen, gegebenenfalls auch gegen den Willen der Parteien, als Videokonferenz durchzuführen. Maßgebliches Kriterium ist die Zweckmäßigkeit.  2. Der Begriff "zweckmäßig" impliziert, dass das Format der Videokonferenz zur Erreichung des mit der mündlichen Verhandlung angestrebten Zwecks grundsätzlich geeignet und darüber hinaus auch sinnvoll (sachdienlich) erscheint.  a. Das Kriterium der Eignung bildet eine absolute Schranke und schließt für die konkret vorgesehene Verhandlung ungeeignete Verhandlungsformate aus, diese sind immer unzweckmäßig.  b. Das Kriterium der Sachdienlichkeit erfordert eine abwägende Gesamtbetrachtung aller Aspekte, die im Zusammenhang mit der Planung und Durchführung einer mündlichen Verhandlung vor einer Beschwerdekammer eine Rolle spielen und das hierfür gewählte Format als mehr oder weniger sachdienlich für die Erreichung des Zwecks der Verhandlung erscheinen lassen. Die Abwägung sollte vorrangig auf objektiven Erwägungen beruhen. Die subjektiven Einschätzungen der Parteien können eine ergänzende Rolle spielen; sie fallen umso stärker ins Gewicht, je mehr die Empfindungen durch von den Parteien vorgetragene objektivierbare Argumente gestützt sind.  Es ist nicht auszuschließen, dass es mehrere zweckmäßige Formate nebeneinander geben kann. 3. Die Regelungen des Artikels 15a VOBK widersprechen weder höherrangigem Recht, noch den wesentlichen Schlussfolgerungen der Großen Beschwerdekammer in der Entscheidung G1/21.  4. Aufgrund der zwischenzeitlich eingetretenen technischen Weiterentwicklung und größeren Erfahrung aller Beteiligten können Videokonferenzen in den meisten Fällen inzwischen als nahezu gleichwertige Alternative zu einer Präsenzverhandlung angesehen werden. Konkrete Umstände des Einzelfalls können allerdings dazu führen, dass das Format der Videokonferenz entweder schon nicht geeignet oder bei einer Gesamtabwägung zumindest so wenig sachdienlich erscheint, dass die nach Artikel 15a VOBK erforderliche Zweckmäßigkeit fehlt.

Catchword:

If a party considers that the "essentials of the oral proceedings" or "relevant statements" within the meaning of Rule 124(1) EPC are incorrect or missing in the minutes of oral proceedings, they must file a request for correction of the minutes in the shortest time possible after their receipt. This ensures that the relevant facts and submissions are still fresh in the minds of the members of the deciding body and, if applicable, the other party or parties (Reasons 9.2). Waiting for the written decision before submitting a request for correction of the minutes is incompatible with a party's obligation to request correction of the minutes in the shortest time possible after their receipt (Reasons 9.3).

Catchword:

Artikel 15a (1) VOBK 2020 bietet keine rechtliche Grundlage, um die mündliche Verhandlung in Form einer Videokonferenz gegen den Willen einer der Verfahrensbeteiligten durchzuführen, sofern kein allgemeiner Notfall besteht, der die Möglichkeit der Beteiligten einschränkt, persönlich an einer mündlichen Verhandlung in den Räumlichkeiten des EPA teilzunehmen (Gründe Nr. 1.4).  

Catchword: 

1. Pursuant to Article 15a(1) RPBA 2021 the boards have a discretionary power to hold oral proceedings by videoconference without the consent of all parties. When exercising this discretion, the board must primarily assess whether the case is suitable to be dealt with by videoconference and/or whether there are reasons that require holding oral proceedings in person. Such reasons may be seen in the complexity of the case or a need to inspect models.  2. Holding oral proceedings by videoconference can meanwhile be often considered an equivalent alternative to oral proceedings in person because the boards and the parties have gained such extensive experience with videoconferencing and using the tools involved since G1/21. Holding oral proceedings by videoconference is hence no longer that disadvantageous as it was when the decision G1/21 was issued.

Catchword: 

Decision G 1/21 cannot be read as restricting the possibility of summoning for oral proceedings by videoconference contrary to the will of one of the parties only in the case of a general emergency. G 1/21 does not exclude that there are other circumstances specific to a case that justify the decision not to hold the oral proceedings in person.

Catchword:

1. Although the order of G 1/21 refers to an emergency situation, it follows from the ratio decidendi of this decision that in-person oral proceedings can only be denied under very limited conditions, even in a situation of general emergency such as a pandemic. 2. Due to the fact that videoconferences, at least with current technology, can only provide a suboptimal form of communication, parties have a right to the optimum format for oral proceedings, i.e. in-person oral proceedings, that can only be denied under very limited conditions. 3. Further, e contrario it also follows from the reasons underlying the Enlarged Board's decision, that parties cannot force Boards to conduct videoconferences instead of in-person oral proceedings.

Catchword: Reasons 7

Catchword:

L'impossibilité d'utiliser un tableau blanc ou un « flip chart » physiques lors d'une procédure orale tenue par visioconférence ne viole pas le droit d'une partie d'être entendue selon l'article 113 CBE (point 9.5.8 des motifs). La conformité d'une procédure orale sous forme de visioconférence avec le droit d'une partie d'être entendue selon l'article 113 CBE ne dépend pas de l'accord de cette partie à ce que la procédure orale se tienne par visioconférence mais uniquement du fait si cette partie a suffisamment la possibilité de prendre position et de présenter son cas (point 10.8 des motifs).

Catchword: 

Oral proceedings may be dispensed with if a party has given notice of non-appearance, even if the request for oral proceedings is expressly maintained (see point 1 of the reasons).

Catchword: 

1. The requirement for immediate and complete substantiation of a request for re-establishment corresponds to the principle of "Eventualmaxime/Häufungsgrundsatz/le principe de la concentration des moyens", according to which the request must state all grounds for re-establishment and means of evidence without the possibility of submitting these at a later stage.  2. Dynamic interpretation of the EPC, as derived from Articles 31(1) and 31(3) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, must take account of developments in national and international procedural law, notably as regards the guarantees of fair trial before a tribunal of law (Article 6(1) ECHR).  3. There is no "absolute" right to oral proceedings upon a party's request, but it is subject to inherent restrictions by the EPC, and due to procedural principles generally recognised in the Contracting States of the EPO.  4. If oral proceedings do not serve any legitimate purpose, the requirement of legal certainty in due time prevents the Board from appointing them.  5. It is not the purpose of oral proceedings in the context of proceedings for re-establishment to give the appellant a further chance to substantiate their factual assertions or to provide evidence despite the absence of factual assertions in the request for re-establishment.